The solid aggregation of minerals, of which the Earth's outer solid layer, also known as lithosphere, is commonly known as rock. I like to share this Permanent Magnet AC Motor with you all through my article.
Types of Rocks
On a broader scale, there could be outlining three categories of rocks. This classification is done on the basis of the formation of these rocks. Rocks could, therefore, either be
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
The study of rocks is called petrology and is an essential part of geology.
Another important fact that characterises a rock is its size properties. Normally, a mineral material with size exceeding 2 mm in dimension is categorized as a rock whereas the one below that is nothing but a soil particle. Certain very noticeable features of a rock include:
its non contribution to the soil in terms of nutrients, except a few minutest amounts.
its non capability to hold water for availability to the plants
its toughness on any tilling equipment.
Physical properties of rock:
Rocks comprise of one or more minerals. . Minerals may broadly be pure, solid, inorganic materials found in Earth's crust and generally comprise of one or more elements. Minerals are made of one or more elements which are the most basic, naturally occurring substances on Earth. Elements, generally, cannot be broken down. A few of the very basic properties of elements are mentioned below:
Color
Color is one of the most basic identifiers in identifying a mineral. But then there are always some minerals which are supposed to have more than one color, say for example, Quartz, which can occur in blue, brown, pink, red, purple and almost any other colour, in fact, sometimes colorless as well. The property of identifying a mineral with color is called a streak.
Streak
Streak refers to the colored residue left by scratching a mineral across an abrasive surface, such as a tile of unglazed porcelain. A mineral with more than one color will always leave a certain color of streak. For example, Hematite is a mineral that can be seen in red, brown or black, but it will always leave a characteristic reddish brown streak.
Luster
Luster is the shining property of a mineral. There are two types of luster:
Metallic
Nonmetallic
A metallic luster is shiny and similar to the reflection from a metal object, such as a faucet.
A mineral that does not shine like metal has a nonmetallic luster. For example, the wall has a nonmetallic luster.
There are many types of nonmetallic luster.
A glassy luster is bright and reflects light like a piece of glass.
A greasy luster has an oily appearance.
An earthy luster is a very dull and looks like dirt.
A Waxy luster looks like the shininess of a crayon.
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Physical properties of Rock(Continued)
Cleavage
One of the tendencies of minerals is to break along flat planar surfaces. This property is known as Cleavage. Experts use even this property to classify the minerals. Cleavage is generally indicated with the help of rating is good, fair and poor depending on the flat surface produced.
For instance, Mica is supposed to have a good cleavage. It breaks into very flat sheets.
Minerals having very poor cleavage will only break along irregular surfaces.
For example, Quartz will break into pieces that have a seashell-like fracture plane. Others, like garnet, shatter will have no distinguishable pattern. These are considered to have no cleavage at all.
Hardness
Another important property that scientists use to classify minerals and identify them is the degree of hardness f that mineral where this degree may vary between 1 to 10, 1 being the softest mineral (talc) and 10 being the hardest (Diamond).
Thursday, February 28, 2013
Permanent Magnet Material
Introduction to permanent magnet material :
What is Magnet ?
Answer : A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.
What is Permanent Magnet?
Answer : A piece of magnetic material that retains its magnetism after it is removed from a external magnetic field.
A most common example is refrigerator magnet which holds the refrigerator door this is because it creates own persistent magnetic field.
There are different types of permanent magnets with different characteristics or properties which mainly emphasis on how easily they can be demagnetized, how strong they can be, how their strength varies with temperature . I like to share this Permanent Magnet Definition with you all through my article.
Permanent magnet materials:
1).Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB or NIB) :
a).Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) is a type of rare earth magnets.
b).It has very high strong magnetic field and therefore used in compact high strength material where price a not a factor.
c).NdFeB magnets are highly corrosive.
Merits :
Very high energy product
High coercive
Demerits :
Higher cost
Low mechanical strength
Low corrosion resistance
2) Samarium Cobalt (SmCo):
a) Samarium cobalt is also type of rare earth magnets.
b) It is highly resistant to oxidation.
c) It is higher magnetic strength and temperature resistance than Alnico and ceramic material.
Merits :
High temperature stability
High energy product
High corrosion resistance
Demerits:
Low mechanical strength
High cost
3) Alnico:
a) Alnico magnets are the combination of aluminium ,nickel, cobalt , iron and with small amounts of other elements which increase the properties of the magnet.
b) Alnico magnets are made by two methods :
1.Casting : Delivers higher magnetic field and allows for the design of complex and difficult shapes.
2. Sintering : It offers superior mechanical characteristics.
Merits :
High mechanical strength
High temperature stability
High corrosion resistance
Demerits :
High cost
Low energy product
Having problem with Kinetic Energy Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
More Permanent magnet materials:
4) Flexible :
a) By using a flexible resin or binder such as vinyl , it is similar to injection molded megnets.
b) It is produced in flat strips , shapes or sheets.
c) It can be very flexible and can be used in industrial printers.
Merits :
Low cost
High corrosion resistance
Moderate corecive force
Demerits :
Low energy product
Low to medium temperature stability.
5) Injection Molded :
a) It has composition of various types of resin and magnetic powders.
b) The physical and magnetic properties depend on the raw material used.
c) It is generally lower in magnetic strength.
Merits :
High corrosion resistance
Moderate energy product
Demerits :
High cost
Low temperature stability.
6) Ceramic or Ferrite : Ceramic or ferrite magnets are made of sintered having composition of iron oxide and barium or strontium carnonate.
Merits :
Low cost
High resistance to corrosion
High Coercive force
Demerits :
Low energy product
Low mechanical strength
What is Magnet ?
Answer : A magnet is a material or object that produces a magnetic field.
What is Permanent Magnet?
Answer : A piece of magnetic material that retains its magnetism after it is removed from a external magnetic field.
A most common example is refrigerator magnet which holds the refrigerator door this is because it creates own persistent magnetic field.
There are different types of permanent magnets with different characteristics or properties which mainly emphasis on how easily they can be demagnetized, how strong they can be, how their strength varies with temperature . I like to share this Permanent Magnet Definition with you all through my article.
Permanent magnet materials:
1).Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB or NIB) :
a).Neodymium Iron Boron (NdFeB) is a type of rare earth magnets.
b).It has very high strong magnetic field and therefore used in compact high strength material where price a not a factor.
c).NdFeB magnets are highly corrosive.
Merits :
Very high energy product
High coercive
Demerits :
Higher cost
Low mechanical strength
Low corrosion resistance
2) Samarium Cobalt (SmCo):
a) Samarium cobalt is also type of rare earth magnets.
b) It is highly resistant to oxidation.
c) It is higher magnetic strength and temperature resistance than Alnico and ceramic material.
Merits :
High temperature stability
High energy product
High corrosion resistance
Demerits:
Low mechanical strength
High cost
3) Alnico:
a) Alnico magnets are the combination of aluminium ,nickel, cobalt , iron and with small amounts of other elements which increase the properties of the magnet.
b) Alnico magnets are made by two methods :
1.Casting : Delivers higher magnetic field and allows for the design of complex and difficult shapes.
2. Sintering : It offers superior mechanical characteristics.
Merits :
High mechanical strength
High temperature stability
High corrosion resistance
Demerits :
High cost
Low energy product
Having problem with Kinetic Energy Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
More Permanent magnet materials:
4) Flexible :
a) By using a flexible resin or binder such as vinyl , it is similar to injection molded megnets.
b) It is produced in flat strips , shapes or sheets.
c) It can be very flexible and can be used in industrial printers.
Merits :
Low cost
High corrosion resistance
Moderate corecive force
Demerits :
Low energy product
Low to medium temperature stability.
5) Injection Molded :
a) It has composition of various types of resin and magnetic powders.
b) The physical and magnetic properties depend on the raw material used.
c) It is generally lower in magnetic strength.
Merits :
High corrosion resistance
Moderate energy product
Demerits :
High cost
Low temperature stability.
6) Ceramic or Ferrite : Ceramic or ferrite magnets are made of sintered having composition of iron oxide and barium or strontium carnonate.
Merits :
Low cost
High resistance to corrosion
High Coercive force
Demerits :
Low energy product
Low mechanical strength
Wednesday, February 20, 2013
Boiling Water Celsius
Boiling point of a substance is the exact temperature reading at which the specific substance changes its liquid state to vapor or gaseous state. In other words, boiling point is the temperature, in which the liquid and vapor state of a substance remain in equilibrium. Every element or substance has a standard boiling point, based on the material makeup or component particles. This particular boiling water celsius temperature for a substance fluctuates with respect to surrounding environmental conditions such as altitude and atmospheric pressure. Know more on water facts. I like to share this Energy Equation Wavelength with you all through my article.
What is the Boiling Point of Water?
Boiling point is defined as the temperature when the vapor pressure of the substance or liquid is similar to the external pressure or atmospheric pressure surrounding the solution. A further increase in temperature from this boiling water point is taken up by the liquid as latent heat of vaporization, which helps in changing the liquid to gaseous state. This way, water heated at a temperature higher than boiling point is evaporated as steam. You can refer to the following information to know about boiling water point in different scales:
* Water Boiling Point in Celsius - The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius at 1 atmosphere. The bubbles formed on the sides of vessel at the time of heating water are nothing but the air trapped in water.
* Water Boiling Point in Fahrenheit - The boiling point of water in Fahrenheit is 212 degrees, when measured at 1 atmosphere. It is observed that every 500 feet elevation in altitude corresponds to 1 degree drop in water boiling point. Having problem with Acceleration Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
100°C or 212°F
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit under standard conditions at sea level (at one atmosphere of pressure).
The boiling point of water and any other substance depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes with elevation. At higher altitudes, the pressure is lower, and so water boils at a lower temperature. If the barometric pressure is not at the standard value, the boiling point will be different. For example, water boils at 72 degrees Celcius on Mount Everest.
What is the Boiling Point of Water?
Boiling point is defined as the temperature when the vapor pressure of the substance or liquid is similar to the external pressure or atmospheric pressure surrounding the solution. A further increase in temperature from this boiling water point is taken up by the liquid as latent heat of vaporization, which helps in changing the liquid to gaseous state. This way, water heated at a temperature higher than boiling point is evaporated as steam. You can refer to the following information to know about boiling water point in different scales:
* Water Boiling Point in Celsius - The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius at 1 atmosphere. The bubbles formed on the sides of vessel at the time of heating water are nothing but the air trapped in water.
* Water Boiling Point in Fahrenheit - The boiling point of water in Fahrenheit is 212 degrees, when measured at 1 atmosphere. It is observed that every 500 feet elevation in altitude corresponds to 1 degree drop in water boiling point. Having problem with Acceleration Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
100°C or 212°F
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit under standard conditions at sea level (at one atmosphere of pressure).
The boiling point of water and any other substance depends on the atmospheric pressure, which changes with elevation. At higher altitudes, the pressure is lower, and so water boils at a lower temperature. If the barometric pressure is not at the standard value, the boiling point will be different. For example, water boils at 72 degrees Celcius on Mount Everest.
Describe Action Potential
Action Potential
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a stereotyped trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction.[citation needed] In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its "spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to "fire".
I like to share this Effective Magnetic Moment with you all through my article.
Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open, they allow an inward flow of electrical current, which produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electrical current, etc. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential, often to the extent of briefly reversing its polarity. The ion channels then rapidly inactivate, allowing the membrane potential to drop back to its baseline level, sometimes sped by other types of voltage-gated ion channels that are active specifically during the falling phase of an action potential. Having problem with Displacement Equation keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials, one type generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for less than one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly-emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a "primer" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.
In physiology, an action potential is a short-lasting event in which the electrical membrane potential of a cell rapidly rises and falls, following a stereotyped trajectory. Action potentials occur in several types of animal cells, called excitable cells, which include neurons, muscle cells, and endocrine cells. In neurons, they play a central role in cell-to-cell communication. In other types of cells, their main function is to activate intracellular processes. In muscle cells, for example, an action potential is the first step in the chain of events leading to contraction.[citation needed] In beta cells of the pancreas, they provoke release of insulin. Action potentials in neurons are also known as "nerve impulses" or "spikes", and the temporal sequence of action potentials generated by a neuron is called its "spike train". A neuron that emits an action potential is often said to "fire".
I like to share this Effective Magnetic Moment with you all through my article.
Action potentials are generated by special types of voltage-gated ion channels embedded in a cell's plasma membrane. These channels are shut when the membrane potential is near the resting potential of the cell, but rapidly begin to open if the membrane potential increases to a precisely defined threshold value. When the channels open, they allow an inward flow of electrical current, which produces a further rise in the membrane potential. This then causes more channels to open, producing a greater electrical current, etc. The process proceeds explosively until all of the available ion channels are open, resulting in a large upswing in the membrane potential, often to the extent of briefly reversing its polarity. The ion channels then rapidly inactivate, allowing the membrane potential to drop back to its baseline level, sometimes sped by other types of voltage-gated ion channels that are active specifically during the falling phase of an action potential. Having problem with Displacement Equation keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
In animal cells, there are two primary types of action potentials, one type generated by voltage-gated sodium channels, the other by voltage-gated calcium channels. Sodium-based action potentials usually last for less than one millisecond, whereas calcium-based action potentials may last for 100 milliseconds or longer. In some types of neurons, slow calcium spikes provide the driving force for a long burst of rapidly-emitted sodium spikes. In cardiac muscle cells, on the other hand, an initial fast sodium spike provides a "primer" to provoke the rapid onset of a calcium spike, which then produces muscle contraction.
Wednesday, February 13, 2013
Types of Communication Systems
Introduction:
When we think of communication is, we usually think of people talking or listening to each other. This may happen face to face, or this may occur through the assistance of a telephone, radio, or television. An automatic machine may be left to control in it’s possess speed of manufacture and create definite alteration if its sensors identifies the trouble.
To fully understand communication systems, we need to look at its parts. Basically, communication is the process of conveying a message from one person to other. By means of an information is the attach which holds people jointly.
Communication Systems:
A communication system is known as grouping of processors and hardware used to bring about the transfer of message through communication. This definition of a system permits us to consider it as a whole or total unit. One of the easiest ways to do this is to look at a graphic representation of a system.
An input of the system is need to for system started. The control mechanism regulates the process. That is, it manipulates the message input into whatever form is necessary. The result of this method is the appearance of message in a form which will permit communication to take place.
Types of Communication Systems:
Types of communication systems,
Visual Communication Systems
Visual communication types system is a combination of processors and devices to accomplish a desired result, such as the transmission of information from one point to another. Printing and photography are examples of visual systems
Acoustical Communication Systems
An acoustical communication types system is a grouping of processor and devices to accomplish a desired product, like the transmission of information from one point to another. Examples for this types of system: telephone, telegraph, and record player.
Data-Processing Systems
A telecommunication types system is well known as a grouping of processors, circuits, and devices to bring about a preferred result, like the transmission of information from one place to another. Examples for this types of system:Radio, television, and microwave.
When we think of communication is, we usually think of people talking or listening to each other. This may happen face to face, or this may occur through the assistance of a telephone, radio, or television. An automatic machine may be left to control in it’s possess speed of manufacture and create definite alteration if its sensors identifies the trouble.
To fully understand communication systems, we need to look at its parts. Basically, communication is the process of conveying a message from one person to other. By means of an information is the attach which holds people jointly.
Communication Systems:
A communication system is known as grouping of processors and hardware used to bring about the transfer of message through communication. This definition of a system permits us to consider it as a whole or total unit. One of the easiest ways to do this is to look at a graphic representation of a system.
An input of the system is need to for system started. The control mechanism regulates the process. That is, it manipulates the message input into whatever form is necessary. The result of this method is the appearance of message in a form which will permit communication to take place.
Types of Communication Systems:
Types of communication systems,
Visual Communication Systems
Visual communication types system is a combination of processors and devices to accomplish a desired result, such as the transmission of information from one point to another. Printing and photography are examples of visual systems
Acoustical Communication Systems
An acoustical communication types system is a grouping of processor and devices to accomplish a desired product, like the transmission of information from one point to another. Examples for this types of system: telephone, telegraph, and record player.
Data-Processing Systems
A telecommunication types system is well known as a grouping of processors, circuits, and devices to bring about a preferred result, like the transmission of information from one place to another. Examples for this types of system:Radio, television, and microwave.
Displacement in Physics
Introduction to Displacement in Physics:
Displacement of a particle is the change in the position of the particle in a particular direction.Just as Position co-ordinate is measured in units of length, the displacement is also measured in units of length. i.e, It is the shortest distance from the final and initial positions of a point.
Displacement in any interval of time may be Zero,Positive or negative.
The displacement of a particle in a given interval of time is independent of the choice of origin.
The knowledge of displacement `dx` of a particle in a given time `dt` gives no indication about the actual motion or even the actual path of the particle. Rather, it gives the information about instanteneous velocity.
In dealing with motion of a rigid body the dispalcement also include the rotation of a body, i.e, the displacement of a particle of the body is the Linear displacement and the rotation of a body is the Angular displacement. I like to share this Formula for Average Velocity with you all through my article.
Dispalcement- time Graph in physics
In a Displacement - Graph , the slope of the straight line joining two points on the displacement- time graph gives the average velocity of the particle between those points. Where as the slope of the tangent at a point gives the value of instantaneous velocity at that point.
In a D-t graph ,if the tangent slopes upward right , then the instantaneous velocity would be considered as Positive due to positive value of slope & Vice versa
A D-t graph moving with constant velocity , which will be a straight line, the slope directly gives instantaneous velocity and it will be equal to average velocity. Please express your views of this topic Electromagnetic Spectrum Examples by commenting on blog.
Difference between Displacement & Distance in physics
Distance is the Scalar value of how far an object has traveled regardless of direction.
Displacement is the vector value of how far an object has been displaced, meaning how far is it from where it started.
They are similar but not the same.For example, if you walked in a circle and stopped in the same exact place you started, the distance you traveled would be whatever the circumference of the circle you walked was; your displacement would be zero!
Displacement of a particle is the change in the position of the particle in a particular direction.Just as Position co-ordinate is measured in units of length, the displacement is also measured in units of length. i.e, It is the shortest distance from the final and initial positions of a point.
Displacement in any interval of time may be Zero,Positive or negative.
The displacement of a particle in a given interval of time is independent of the choice of origin.
The knowledge of displacement `dx` of a particle in a given time `dt` gives no indication about the actual motion or even the actual path of the particle. Rather, it gives the information about instanteneous velocity.
In dealing with motion of a rigid body the dispalcement also include the rotation of a body, i.e, the displacement of a particle of the body is the Linear displacement and the rotation of a body is the Angular displacement. I like to share this Formula for Average Velocity with you all through my article.
Dispalcement- time Graph in physics
In a Displacement - Graph , the slope of the straight line joining two points on the displacement- time graph gives the average velocity of the particle between those points. Where as the slope of the tangent at a point gives the value of instantaneous velocity at that point.
In a D-t graph ,if the tangent slopes upward right , then the instantaneous velocity would be considered as Positive due to positive value of slope & Vice versa
A D-t graph moving with constant velocity , which will be a straight line, the slope directly gives instantaneous velocity and it will be equal to average velocity. Please express your views of this topic Electromagnetic Spectrum Examples by commenting on blog.
Difference between Displacement & Distance in physics
Distance is the Scalar value of how far an object has traveled regardless of direction.
Displacement is the vector value of how far an object has been displaced, meaning how far is it from where it started.
They are similar but not the same.For example, if you walked in a circle and stopped in the same exact place you started, the distance you traveled would be whatever the circumference of the circle you walked was; your displacement would be zero!
Wednesday, February 6, 2013
Boiling Point of Salt Water
Explanation to boiling point of salt water:
Substances or liquids in their pure form have a fixed boiling point under specific environmental conditions. However, a mixture of two substances has a boiling point different from that of either substance. I like to share this Density of Salt Water with you all through my article.
Boiling Point of a Mixture:
If another substance like ethyl alcohol or salt is added to water, generally, the boiling point of the mixture (or solution) will be different from that of water in its pure form. For example pure water boils at 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) but a mixture of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water (percentage by weight) has a boiling point of 78.2 °C. Moreover, it is an azeotrope, i.e. a solution which retains its constituents in the same proportion through the process of boiling. This prohibits purification of alcohol beyond 95.6% (by weight) purity using the process of distillation.
The case of salt water is other way round, where mixing of salt results in an increase of boiling point of water.
Boiling Point of Salt Water:
For pure water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) and addition of alcohol serves to lower the boiling point to 78.2 °C. With common salt (Sodium Chloride or NaCl) the case is different and the boiling point of salt water rises by about half a degree Celsius for every 29 grams of salt dissolved in one liter of water or in other words to raise the boiling point of the solution by 1 °C, one needs to add about 58 grams of salt to one liter of water. Please express your views of this topic Coulomb's Law Formula by commenting on blog.
A Scientific Explanation to Rise in Boiling Point of Salt Water:
When common salt or Sodium Chloride is dissolved in water it gets ionized resulting in Na+ and Cl- ions occupying a few of the spaces between the molecules of water. As a result when this solution is heated water molecules are left with less free space despite their increased kinetic energy with increase in temperature. This results in a lesser number of collisions and hence a there is a lesser release of water-vapor molecules. Thus there is a lower vapor pressure compared to pure water at the same temperature. Hence, a higher temperature is necessary to provide more energy for the vapor pressure of salt water to reach and exceed atmospheric pressure to begin to boil.
Substances or liquids in their pure form have a fixed boiling point under specific environmental conditions. However, a mixture of two substances has a boiling point different from that of either substance. I like to share this Density of Salt Water with you all through my article.
Boiling Point of a Mixture:
If another substance like ethyl alcohol or salt is added to water, generally, the boiling point of the mixture (or solution) will be different from that of water in its pure form. For example pure water boils at 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) but a mixture of 95.6% ethanol and 4.4% water (percentage by weight) has a boiling point of 78.2 °C. Moreover, it is an azeotrope, i.e. a solution which retains its constituents in the same proportion through the process of boiling. This prohibits purification of alcohol beyond 95.6% (by weight) purity using the process of distillation.
The case of salt water is other way round, where mixing of salt results in an increase of boiling point of water.
Boiling Point of Salt Water:
For pure water, the boiling point is 100 degrees Celsius (212 Fahrenheit) and addition of alcohol serves to lower the boiling point to 78.2 °C. With common salt (Sodium Chloride or NaCl) the case is different and the boiling point of salt water rises by about half a degree Celsius for every 29 grams of salt dissolved in one liter of water or in other words to raise the boiling point of the solution by 1 °C, one needs to add about 58 grams of salt to one liter of water. Please express your views of this topic Coulomb's Law Formula by commenting on blog.
A Scientific Explanation to Rise in Boiling Point of Salt Water:
When common salt or Sodium Chloride is dissolved in water it gets ionized resulting in Na+ and Cl- ions occupying a few of the spaces between the molecules of water. As a result when this solution is heated water molecules are left with less free space despite their increased kinetic energy with increase in temperature. This results in a lesser number of collisions and hence a there is a lesser release of water-vapor molecules. Thus there is a lower vapor pressure compared to pure water at the same temperature. Hence, a higher temperature is necessary to provide more energy for the vapor pressure of salt water to reach and exceed atmospheric pressure to begin to boil.
Optical Pyrometer
Introduction to optical pyrometer:
Pyrometry is a process in which the thermal radiation of any object is measured. The device which is used for the process of Pyrometry is called optical pyrometer. Incandescence color is that which is bright to human eye. The optical pyrometer is used to measure the temperature at the surface of a body. A pyrometer consists of an detector and an optical system. The latter focuses the heat radiations on the former. The output given by the detector is used to infer the temperature of the object. In real, there is no need for actual contact between the object and the pyrometer, because of the use of thermocouple and Resistance temperature detector. A instrument called ammeter is used to display the temperature of the object, whose temperature is to be measured. However, Pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature of the applications from 500C to 1600C. Sometimes there is need to measure the temperature beyond the range of the thermocouples , which depends upon the energy being radiated from the object, under consideration. For this, optical pyrometers are used.It is quite clear from the discussion that pyrometer is used to detector the temperature of those objects, where actual contact is very difficult or hard to reach places on the objects. Please express your views of this topic convert fahrenheit to celsius equation by commenting on blog.
How to Use Optical Pyrometer?
The optical pyrometer is very easy to handle and use. The user has to rotate the wedge ring on the optical pyrometer, to view the target object. A color blend is made between the wedge and the calibrated lamp of the instrument. The temperature can easily be measured by looking at the housing of the optical instrument. Having problem with What is Radiation Poisoning keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Uses of Optical Pyrometer
In the metallurgical processes, it is necessary to control the temperature of the operations. A good metal can only be extracted only if there is regular check on the temperature inside the blast furnace. Moreover, effective control of the operations like, smelting can be easily done with the used of pyrometer. There are number of advantages associated with the use of pyrometer as it minimizes the consumption of the used fuel, good quality metal can be extracted too. It is also used in the Salt –bath furnaces for maintaining a steady range of temperature. The temperature of the steam in the super heater can be measured by using the optical pyrometer.
Pyrometry is a process in which the thermal radiation of any object is measured. The device which is used for the process of Pyrometry is called optical pyrometer. Incandescence color is that which is bright to human eye. The optical pyrometer is used to measure the temperature at the surface of a body. A pyrometer consists of an detector and an optical system. The latter focuses the heat radiations on the former. The output given by the detector is used to infer the temperature of the object. In real, there is no need for actual contact between the object and the pyrometer, because of the use of thermocouple and Resistance temperature detector. A instrument called ammeter is used to display the temperature of the object, whose temperature is to be measured. However, Pyrometer is used for measuring the temperature of the applications from 500C to 1600C. Sometimes there is need to measure the temperature beyond the range of the thermocouples , which depends upon the energy being radiated from the object, under consideration. For this, optical pyrometers are used.It is quite clear from the discussion that pyrometer is used to detector the temperature of those objects, where actual contact is very difficult or hard to reach places on the objects. Please express your views of this topic convert fahrenheit to celsius equation by commenting on blog.
How to Use Optical Pyrometer?
The optical pyrometer is very easy to handle and use. The user has to rotate the wedge ring on the optical pyrometer, to view the target object. A color blend is made between the wedge and the calibrated lamp of the instrument. The temperature can easily be measured by looking at the housing of the optical instrument. Having problem with What is Radiation Poisoning keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Uses of Optical Pyrometer
In the metallurgical processes, it is necessary to control the temperature of the operations. A good metal can only be extracted only if there is regular check on the temperature inside the blast furnace. Moreover, effective control of the operations like, smelting can be easily done with the used of pyrometer. There are number of advantages associated with the use of pyrometer as it minimizes the consumption of the used fuel, good quality metal can be extracted too. It is also used in the Salt –bath furnaces for maintaining a steady range of temperature. The temperature of the steam in the super heater can be measured by using the optical pyrometer.
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