Introduction to solar energy fossil fuels:
The fossil fuels which are preserved under the Earth’s crust as the remains of plants and animals are called fossil fuels. These fuels were formed in prehistoric times. Following are the main types of Non-renewable resources of energy. [1] Coal, [2] Petroleum [3] Natural gas. These non-renewable sources are available in very limited amount. Their judicious use is very important for the sustainable development. It takes many years to make them but are being consumed at very brisk pace.
Understanding Change in Internal Energy is always challenging for me but thanks to all science help websites to help me out.
Origin of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy:
It is widely believed, that millions of years ago, due to certain natural calamities, such as earthquakes, cyclones, storms, floods, etc., large number of animals and plants got buried beneath the earth. Under humid conditions and very high pressure and temperature of the earth and the bacterial decomposition in the absence of air, they gradually decomposed to form coal, petroleum or natural gas, depending upon the external factors to which they were subjected. It is assumed that the energy supplied by fossil fuels is basically the energy which was supplied by the sun, millions of years ago. These sources of energy are non-renewable because they cannot be renewed over a short period of time. Hence, they are very precious.
Having problem with Exponential Decay Formula keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Origin of Non-Renewable Sources of Energy:
The sun is the source of all energy. The sun provides us heat and light energy free of cost. The energy obtained from the sun is called solar energy. The nuclear fusion reactions taking place inside the sun keep on liberating enormous amounts of heat and light energy. This heat and light energy is radiated by the sun in all directions in the form of solar energy. The sun has been radiating an enormous amount of energy at the present rate for nearly 5 billions years and will continue radiating energy at that rate for nearly 5 billion years more. Since, the sun is very far away only a small fraction of the solar energy radiated by the sun reaches the outer layer of the earth’s atmosphere. A little less than half of the atmosphere actually reaches the surface of earth. The rest of solar energy is reflected back into space by the atmosphere and also absorbed by the atmosphere as it comes down through it towards the surface of the earth.
Monday, June 10, 2013
Sunday, June 9, 2013
Physical Properties of Copper Wire
Introduction to physical properties of copper wire:
Copper was named as cuprum by Romans because they used to get it from the island of Cyprus. Copper occurs in free as well as in combined state. Copper is extracted from the ore by two processes. One of the process is called the pyrometallergical process and the other is called hydro metallurgical process. In the pyrometallurgical process, we use the high-grade ores, which are rich in the copper content that means, which contains more than 4% of copper. It is the dry process. In the hydrometallurgical process, we use the low-grade ores, which contains less percentage of copper. It is called the wet process. Here we discuss about the physical and chemical properties of copper metal. I like to share this Units of Angular Momentum with you all through my article.
Physical and chemical properties of copper wire
Copper is a reddish coloured lustrous heavy metal whose relative density is 8.94. It melts at 1080°C and boils at 2325°C. It is highly malleable and ductile. Next to silver, it is the best conductor of heat and electricity. However, presence of traces of the other metals reduces the conductivity of copper. Molten metal absorbs sulphur dioxide, which it gives out on cooling. Copper is not affected by the dry air at room temperature but when it is exposed in the moist air having carbon dioxide, it is superficially coated with a green layer of basic carbonate. It is attacked by steam only at while light. Copper displaces less electropositive metals like silver, mercury, gold, and platinum from their salt solutions.
I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Equation for Work, But thank to online resources of science which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Conclusion on copper wire
Copper is the second most useful metal because of its stability in air and water and excellent conductivity. It is used in the manufacturing of electrical wires, cables, for making of vacuum pans, heating utensils, calorimeters, for electroplating and electrotyping. It is used to make the coins and ornaments and the jewellery. It is used in the manufacturing of alloys like brass (Cu + Zn), bronze (Cu + Sn), german silver (Cu + Zn + Ni), bell metal (Cu + Sn), gunmetal (Cu + Sn + Zn), copper coins (Cu + Zn + Sn) etc.
Copper was named as cuprum by Romans because they used to get it from the island of Cyprus. Copper occurs in free as well as in combined state. Copper is extracted from the ore by two processes. One of the process is called the pyrometallergical process and the other is called hydro metallurgical process. In the pyrometallurgical process, we use the high-grade ores, which are rich in the copper content that means, which contains more than 4% of copper. It is the dry process. In the hydrometallurgical process, we use the low-grade ores, which contains less percentage of copper. It is called the wet process. Here we discuss about the physical and chemical properties of copper metal. I like to share this Units of Angular Momentum with you all through my article.
Physical and chemical properties of copper wire
Copper is a reddish coloured lustrous heavy metal whose relative density is 8.94. It melts at 1080°C and boils at 2325°C. It is highly malleable and ductile. Next to silver, it is the best conductor of heat and electricity. However, presence of traces of the other metals reduces the conductivity of copper. Molten metal absorbs sulphur dioxide, which it gives out on cooling. Copper is not affected by the dry air at room temperature but when it is exposed in the moist air having carbon dioxide, it is superficially coated with a green layer of basic carbonate. It is attacked by steam only at while light. Copper displaces less electropositive metals like silver, mercury, gold, and platinum from their salt solutions.
I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Equation for Work, But thank to online resources of science which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Conclusion on copper wire
Copper is the second most useful metal because of its stability in air and water and excellent conductivity. It is used in the manufacturing of electrical wires, cables, for making of vacuum pans, heating utensils, calorimeters, for electroplating and electrotyping. It is used to make the coins and ornaments and the jewellery. It is used in the manufacturing of alloys like brass (Cu + Zn), bronze (Cu + Sn), german silver (Cu + Zn + Ni), bell metal (Cu + Sn), gunmetal (Cu + Sn + Zn), copper coins (Cu + Zn + Sn) etc.
Positive and Negative Charge
Introduction to positive and negative charge:
In 1600, a philosopher Gilbert observed that Amber and several other materials such as glass, ebonite, paper, etc. on being rubbed attract light bodies. This property is developed due to rubbing i.e. by friction. On acquiring this property material is said to be ‘electrified’. On being electrified, material is said to have acquired ‘charge’. Because the charge acquired by the material cannot flow from one point to another, this type of charge is called as ‘static charge’. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, glass rod developed a positive charge. When an ebonite rod is rubbed with cat-skin, ebonite rod developed a negative charge.
Experiment shows that charges are of two types: 1. Positive charge 2. Negative charge. These names were given by Benjamin Franklin in 1750.
Please express your views of this topic In Light of Definition by commenting on blog.
Quantization of positive charge and negative charge :
Several experiments have shown that in nature positive charge and negative charge are found to be made up of integral multiples of a smallest amount of charge. This amount is 1.6 x 10^-19 coulomb. It is denoted by ‘e’ and is the charge of electron and proton. All the existing charges are found to be ‘ne’ or a multiple of ‘e’, here n is a integer (such as e, 2e, 3e, -e, -2e, -3e, -4e). No charge is found to be fraction of e such as 1.4e, 0.6e, 0.9e . That means electric charges can be divided indefinitely. This property of charge is called as quantization of charge. Since e is smallest amount so it is called as elementary charge.
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Charges of elementary particles :
Electron has a negative charge(-e). Proton has a positive charge(+e). Alpha particles have two positive charges (+2e) while beta particles have a negative charge(-e).
Unit of positive and negative charge
In MKSA system, the unit of charge is coulomb and its symbol is ‘C’. it means that positive and negative charges are measured in coulomb such as -34 C , 50 C, 24 C, -55C etc.
In 1600, a philosopher Gilbert observed that Amber and several other materials such as glass, ebonite, paper, etc. on being rubbed attract light bodies. This property is developed due to rubbing i.e. by friction. On acquiring this property material is said to be ‘electrified’. On being electrified, material is said to have acquired ‘charge’. Because the charge acquired by the material cannot flow from one point to another, this type of charge is called as ‘static charge’. When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, glass rod developed a positive charge. When an ebonite rod is rubbed with cat-skin, ebonite rod developed a negative charge.
Experiment shows that charges are of two types: 1. Positive charge 2. Negative charge. These names were given by Benjamin Franklin in 1750.
Please express your views of this topic In Light of Definition by commenting on blog.
Quantization of positive charge and negative charge :
Several experiments have shown that in nature positive charge and negative charge are found to be made up of integral multiples of a smallest amount of charge. This amount is 1.6 x 10^-19 coulomb. It is denoted by ‘e’ and is the charge of electron and proton. All the existing charges are found to be ‘ne’ or a multiple of ‘e’, here n is a integer (such as e, 2e, 3e, -e, -2e, -3e, -4e). No charge is found to be fraction of e such as 1.4e, 0.6e, 0.9e . That means electric charges can be divided indefinitely. This property of charge is called as quantization of charge. Since e is smallest amount so it is called as elementary charge.
Is this topic What is the Formula for Density hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Charges of elementary particles :
Electron has a negative charge(-e). Proton has a positive charge(+e). Alpha particles have two positive charges (+2e) while beta particles have a negative charge(-e).
Unit of positive and negative charge
In MKSA system, the unit of charge is coulomb and its symbol is ‘C’. it means that positive and negative charges are measured in coulomb such as -34 C , 50 C, 24 C, -55C etc.
Friday, June 7, 2013
Natural Gas Uses
Introduction to Natural Gas Uses
Natural gas is lighter than air and is a mixture of methane, ethane, propane and butane. Other component found in natural gas include carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen. It is highly inflammable and has no odour and cannot be seen.
Natural Gas has widespread use in many of the areas. In this article we shall discuss some of the uses of natural gas that has allowed for increase in the quality of living.
Description of Uses of Natural gas
Natural gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel as it gives off 50% of the carbon dioxide released by coal and 25% less carbon dioxide than oil for the same amount of energy produced.
It virtually gives no sulphur dioxide and only small amount of nitrous oxides. Thus, natural gas is a environmental-friendly fuel.
Before it is sent to the pipe lines or storage tanks it is mixed with a chemical that gives it a strong odour which is almost like that of rotten eggs. This makes it easy to detect any leakage.
I am planning to write more post on density of gases, angular velocity equation. Keep checking my blog.
List of Uses of Natural gas
It is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
It is used as a fuel in thermal power plants to generate electricity.
It has been a source of hydrogen in the manufacture of fertilizers.
Compressed natural gas, which is in the liquid form, is used as a fuel i n transport vehicles as being pollution free, it is a good alternative to petrol and diesel.
Advantages of using natural gas
It is a complete fuel land can be used directly for household and industrial purposes.
There is no problem of transportation as it can be supplied directly through the gas pipe lines. Vadodara city in Gujrat is supplied natural gas through a network of pipe lines.
It has a high calorific value of about 55 KJ/g.
Natural gas is a gas that consist of methane. It is an important sources of fuel, an important ferilizers and a greenhouse gas.
Natural gas is lighter than air and is a mixture of methane, ethane, propane and butane. Other component found in natural gas include carbon dioxide, helium, hydrogen sulphide and nitrogen. It is highly inflammable and has no odour and cannot be seen.
Natural Gas has widespread use in many of the areas. In this article we shall discuss some of the uses of natural gas that has allowed for increase in the quality of living.
Description of Uses of Natural gas
Natural gas is the cleanest burning fossil fuel as it gives off 50% of the carbon dioxide released by coal and 25% less carbon dioxide than oil for the same amount of energy produced.
It virtually gives no sulphur dioxide and only small amount of nitrous oxides. Thus, natural gas is a environmental-friendly fuel.
Before it is sent to the pipe lines or storage tanks it is mixed with a chemical that gives it a strong odour which is almost like that of rotten eggs. This makes it easy to detect any leakage.
I am planning to write more post on density of gases, angular velocity equation. Keep checking my blog.
List of Uses of Natural gas
It is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.
It is used as a fuel in thermal power plants to generate electricity.
It has been a source of hydrogen in the manufacture of fertilizers.
Compressed natural gas, which is in the liquid form, is used as a fuel i n transport vehicles as being pollution free, it is a good alternative to petrol and diesel.
Advantages of using natural gas
It is a complete fuel land can be used directly for household and industrial purposes.
There is no problem of transportation as it can be supplied directly through the gas pipe lines. Vadodara city in Gujrat is supplied natural gas through a network of pipe lines.
It has a high calorific value of about 55 KJ/g.
Natural gas is a gas that consist of methane. It is an important sources of fuel, an important ferilizers and a greenhouse gas.
Is Distance a Scalar Quantity
Introduction to distance:
The physical quantity which has only magnitude but no direction is called scalar quantity or scalars. Mass, length, time, distance covered, speed, temperature, work, etc. are few examples of scalar quantity. The scalars can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided by ordinary laws of algebra. The scalar is specified by mere number and unit, where number represents its magnitude. A scalar may be positive or negative. A scalar can be represented by a single letter.
I like to share this Define Scalar with you all through my article.
Explanation to distance:
Distance: The total path length or distance of an object during motion in a given time is the length of actual path traversed by the object in the given time. The total path length is the actual distance traveled by an object in the given time during motion. Total path length (i.e. actual distance traveled) is a scalar quantity. Its value can never be zero or negative, during the motion of an object.
I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Frequency Formula, But thank to online resources of science which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Description of distance as scalar quantity
A scalar quantity is a quantity with magnitude only. It is specified completely by a single number, along with the proper unit. For example: the distance between two points, mass of an object, temperature of a body and the time at which a certain event happened. The rules for combining scalar are the rules of ordinary algebra. Scalar can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided as the ordinary number. For example, if the length and breadth of rectangle are 1m and 5m respectively, then its perimeter is the some of the length of the four sites, 1m + 5m + 1m + 5m = 12m. The length of each side is a scalar and the perimeter is also a scalar. Another example is suppose an object goes from A to C following the path ABC, in a certain time t then total path length traversed by object in time intervals t = AB + AC. If the object goes from A to B, B to C and C to A in time interval t, then the total path length traversed by object in time t = AB + BC + CA.
The physical quantity which has only magnitude but no direction is called scalar quantity or scalars. Mass, length, time, distance covered, speed, temperature, work, etc. are few examples of scalar quantity. The scalars can be added, subtracted, multiplied and divided by ordinary laws of algebra. The scalar is specified by mere number and unit, where number represents its magnitude. A scalar may be positive or negative. A scalar can be represented by a single letter.
I like to share this Define Scalar with you all through my article.
Explanation to distance:
Distance: The total path length or distance of an object during motion in a given time is the length of actual path traversed by the object in the given time. The total path length is the actual distance traveled by an object in the given time during motion. Total path length (i.e. actual distance traveled) is a scalar quantity. Its value can never be zero or negative, during the motion of an object.
I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Frequency Formula, But thank to online resources of science which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Description of distance as scalar quantity
A scalar quantity is a quantity with magnitude only. It is specified completely by a single number, along with the proper unit. For example: the distance between two points, mass of an object, temperature of a body and the time at which a certain event happened. The rules for combining scalar are the rules of ordinary algebra. Scalar can be added, subtracted, multiplied, and divided as the ordinary number. For example, if the length and breadth of rectangle are 1m and 5m respectively, then its perimeter is the some of the length of the four sites, 1m + 5m + 1m + 5m = 12m. The length of each side is a scalar and the perimeter is also a scalar. Another example is suppose an object goes from A to C following the path ABC, in a certain time t then total path length traversed by object in time intervals t = AB + AC. If the object goes from A to B, B to C and C to A in time interval t, then the total path length traversed by object in time t = AB + BC + CA.
Monday, June 3, 2013
Upthrust in Fluids
Introduction to upthrust in fluids
Some bodies sink in water,while some others float in it. On the other hand the same bodies which float in one kind of liquid sink in another kind. A piece of iron sinks in water, while a large ship made of iron floats.
A swimmer feels lighter when he is inside water. These phenomena can be explained with the concept of buoyancy. Fluids: Any substance which can flow is called fluid. It includes liquids and gases.
Thrust: The force with which a body tends to push the other when the two are brought in contact with each other is called thrust.
Buoyancy: The upward thrust which a body experiences when it is immersed partly or completely in a fluid is called buoyancy.
I like to share this Definition of Buoyancy with you all through my article.
Upthrust in fluids:The effect of buoyancy
The effect of buoyancy is more obvious in case of liquid, then gas because gases are much lighter than liquids. Experiment to confirm the existence of buoyancy:
Having problem with Free Fall Physics Problems keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
We take a stone of mass 7 lb and suspend it in air by using a thread from a weighing scale. Now we immerse the stone in a beaker of water while it is suspended from the scale. It is seen that the weight of the stone has come down to 4 lb thereby losing 3 lb as a result of buoyancy. This confirms that an upward force exists which reduces the weight of the body. Now the apparent loss of the weight of the body is also equal to the fluid displaced by the body. The displaced fluid of equal weight is shown collected in a container outside. The measurement of the apparent loss of weight was given by a scientist named Archimedes and is known as Archimedes principle. Archimedes principle: It states that when a body is immersed partly or completely in a fluid the body appears to lose a part of its weight which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Some bodies sink in water,while some others float in it. On the other hand the same bodies which float in one kind of liquid sink in another kind. A piece of iron sinks in water, while a large ship made of iron floats.
A swimmer feels lighter when he is inside water. These phenomena can be explained with the concept of buoyancy. Fluids: Any substance which can flow is called fluid. It includes liquids and gases.
Thrust: The force with which a body tends to push the other when the two are brought in contact with each other is called thrust.
Buoyancy: The upward thrust which a body experiences when it is immersed partly or completely in a fluid is called buoyancy.
I like to share this Definition of Buoyancy with you all through my article.
Upthrust in fluids:The effect of buoyancy
The effect of buoyancy is more obvious in case of liquid, then gas because gases are much lighter than liquids. Experiment to confirm the existence of buoyancy:
Having problem with Free Fall Physics Problems keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
We take a stone of mass 7 lb and suspend it in air by using a thread from a weighing scale. Now we immerse the stone in a beaker of water while it is suspended from the scale. It is seen that the weight of the stone has come down to 4 lb thereby losing 3 lb as a result of buoyancy. This confirms that an upward force exists which reduces the weight of the body. Now the apparent loss of the weight of the body is also equal to the fluid displaced by the body. The displaced fluid of equal weight is shown collected in a container outside. The measurement of the apparent loss of weight was given by a scientist named Archimedes and is known as Archimedes principle. Archimedes principle: It states that when a body is immersed partly or completely in a fluid the body appears to lose a part of its weight which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
Objects in the Night Sky
Introduction:
Night sky is a generally used term most often employed to refer to the sky as it is seen at night. The term is usually associated with astronomy, with reference to view of heavenly bodies such as stars, the Moon and planets that become visible on a clear night after the Sun has set. The visibility of space objects in the night sky is affected by light pollution.
Objects seen in Solar System at Night:
The Moon
A source of surprise, romance, and reflection since man stand up and then looked up. The brightest object in the night sky is simply visible with the naked eye, but with a pair of binoculars, much detail is revealed.
The Mars
Mars is a small planet, similar in size to our Moon than to the Earth. It can be easily seen with naked eye in the sky at night.
The Jupiter
Jupiter can be seen at night. Binoculars are all needed to see the largest planet of solar system. The moons are really bright enough to see with the naked eye, but are washed-out from Jupiter’s powerful glare. The binoculars will show them as small stars grouped around the gas giant.
Asteroids
Although too dim for binoculars to pull in under city lights, it is well within their reach from a dark sky when the Moon is out of the way.
Comets
Comets will expand daily, glowing pale yellow and looking in binoculars and telescopes like a circular "gas bubble" surrounded by a green halo. Although the comet has washed out a little in recent days, it is still visible with the naked eye from suburban sites.
Meteors
Several meteors per hour may be seen can be seen during in the night sky with naked eyes.
Galaxies visible at Night:
Andromeda Galaxy
Andromeda is the farthest thing you can see with the naked eye appearing as a faint smudge in the night sky. It makes an outstanding object for binoculars. It’s usually the first thing to locate when we look up at night with a pair of binoculars.
The Milky Way
The flimsy, silvery cloud stretching across the sky on dark, clear nights is our home galaxy: the Milky Way. No part of the sky is more heavily packed with visible stars than the Milky Way, or more pleasantly addictive to behold with binoculars.
Night sky is a generally used term most often employed to refer to the sky as it is seen at night. The term is usually associated with astronomy, with reference to view of heavenly bodies such as stars, the Moon and planets that become visible on a clear night after the Sun has set. The visibility of space objects in the night sky is affected by light pollution.
Objects seen in Solar System at Night:
The Moon
A source of surprise, romance, and reflection since man stand up and then looked up. The brightest object in the night sky is simply visible with the naked eye, but with a pair of binoculars, much detail is revealed.
The Mars
Mars is a small planet, similar in size to our Moon than to the Earth. It can be easily seen with naked eye in the sky at night.
The Jupiter
Jupiter can be seen at night. Binoculars are all needed to see the largest planet of solar system. The moons are really bright enough to see with the naked eye, but are washed-out from Jupiter’s powerful glare. The binoculars will show them as small stars grouped around the gas giant.
Asteroids
Although too dim for binoculars to pull in under city lights, it is well within their reach from a dark sky when the Moon is out of the way.
Comets
Comets will expand daily, glowing pale yellow and looking in binoculars and telescopes like a circular "gas bubble" surrounded by a green halo. Although the comet has washed out a little in recent days, it is still visible with the naked eye from suburban sites.
Meteors
Several meteors per hour may be seen can be seen during in the night sky with naked eyes.
Galaxies visible at Night:
Andromeda Galaxy
Andromeda is the farthest thing you can see with the naked eye appearing as a faint smudge in the night sky. It makes an outstanding object for binoculars. It’s usually the first thing to locate when we look up at night with a pair of binoculars.
The Milky Way
The flimsy, silvery cloud stretching across the sky on dark, clear nights is our home galaxy: the Milky Way. No part of the sky is more heavily packed with visible stars than the Milky Way, or more pleasantly addictive to behold with binoculars.
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