Introduction to Underground water system:
Underground water system is the water under the earth surface that can be used for human or animal’s purpose. Underground water produces from rainfall that has entered the earth by crossing soil, rocks. During any rain fall rain water sewage through the voids of rocks of one layer and reaches to the second layer. Same phenomena occur in the second layer. Here underground water leaches out from the second layer of soil to the third layer and leaches continuously from one layer to the layer, until a big rock deposit this water over it. This rain water continuously deposits on above the rock piece. After a large duration of the time, a large amount of water deposits over the rock piece and act as a source of water known as under ground water system. This underground comes in to the earth surface in to the form of river, or from well, or many another ways.I like to share this Projectile Motion Formulas with you all through my article.
Major Advantages of Underground Water System:
The underground water system plays an important role in our life. They are the main source of the fresh water as water from the one layer leaches out in to the layer and so on. Each layer consists of a large no. very – very sub micro pores. These pores act as filter. Therefore the water filtered from these pores and impurity remains behind. This under ground water is much more pure than any another source. The importance of under ground water systems are
They supplies water to the plant roots, so that plant can complete their water requirement.
Under the under ground water systems uploaded, they comes on the earth surface in the form of river. Even though underground water system maintains the level of rivers water.
Underground water system is the tradition source of the water system. In 18 – 19 century, human obtained water from well. Well is nothing but it is a good suppliers of underground system.
Underground water can be used through jet pump.
The most important used of under ground water system is that it prevents the earth from the flood like situation. Understanding Permanent Magnet Definition Includes is always challenging for me but thanks to all math help websites to help me out.
Problems with under Ground Water:
The major concern problem with the under ground water system is that their sources are going to deplete continuously. As they act as good source of water suppliers therefore underground water system source depletion creates a big problem in the future. Major steps should be undertaken for the prevention from their consumption.
Thursday, January 31, 2013
Types of Fish Diseases
Introduction to types of fish diseases:
Yes, its true. Fishes catch diseases too, just like us. And just like us, they are infected by bacteria, fungi, protozoa and infections from physical wounds. Fishes provide us a lot of things: meat for food, recreation and peace as pets and most importantly they are integral to maintaining the ecological balance of Earth (they consume harmful worms and other bacteria from the water making it safe for us). We must be able to identify the symptoms for these diseases, diagnose them and treat accordingly.
Different Types of Fish Diseases
Fish diseases are basically of the following types:
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Parasitic
Protozoan
Physical Illnesses
Depending upon the agent that has caused the disease there is the above classification.
Names of some Fish Diseases
Some of the diseases that fishes suffer are:
Mouth Fungus
Red Pest
Dropsy
Scale Protrusion
Tail Rot & Fin Rot
Tuberculosis
Constipation
Rust
Marine Ich
10. Congenital Abnormalities
11. Swim Bladder Disease
Steps to Prevent Fish Diseases
As always, prevention is better than cure and in this cases, prevention is way better than cure! The precautions to take are simple and easy to remember. Here are some preventive measures:
Be a good buyer, judge the fish for the symptoms of common diseases before buying
Keep the new fish isolated from the others as some diseases take some time to manifest themselves and God forbid should your new fish be fishy your perfectly healthy aquarium will get diseased
Keep a regular feeding schedule and do not overfeed them. Fishes eat whenever you throw in their food, it doesn't necessarily mean that they are hungry
Quarantine the sick fish
Keep your net clean at all times
Keep the aquarium tank and aquarium's water clean
Keep metal away from the aquarium's water
If any medication involves antibiotics or copper then be careful in its use, as they can destroy the plants in the aquarium
Yes, its true. Fishes catch diseases too, just like us. And just like us, they are infected by bacteria, fungi, protozoa and infections from physical wounds. Fishes provide us a lot of things: meat for food, recreation and peace as pets and most importantly they are integral to maintaining the ecological balance of Earth (they consume harmful worms and other bacteria from the water making it safe for us). We must be able to identify the symptoms for these diseases, diagnose them and treat accordingly.
Different Types of Fish Diseases
Fish diseases are basically of the following types:
Bacterial
Viral
Fungal
Parasitic
Protozoan
Physical Illnesses
Depending upon the agent that has caused the disease there is the above classification.
Names of some Fish Diseases
Some of the diseases that fishes suffer are:
Mouth Fungus
Red Pest
Dropsy
Scale Protrusion
Tail Rot & Fin Rot
Tuberculosis
Constipation
Rust
Marine Ich
10. Congenital Abnormalities
11. Swim Bladder Disease
Steps to Prevent Fish Diseases
As always, prevention is better than cure and in this cases, prevention is way better than cure! The precautions to take are simple and easy to remember. Here are some preventive measures:
Be a good buyer, judge the fish for the symptoms of common diseases before buying
Keep the new fish isolated from the others as some diseases take some time to manifest themselves and God forbid should your new fish be fishy your perfectly healthy aquarium will get diseased
Keep a regular feeding schedule and do not overfeed them. Fishes eat whenever you throw in their food, it doesn't necessarily mean that they are hungry
Quarantine the sick fish
Keep your net clean at all times
Keep the aquarium tank and aquarium's water clean
Keep metal away from the aquarium's water
If any medication involves antibiotics or copper then be careful in its use, as they can destroy the plants in the aquarium
Types of Renewable Sources
Introduction to types of renewable sources:
Let us discuss types of renewable sources. The types of renewable resources that have inherent capacity to reappear or replenish themselves by quick cycling, reproduction and replacement within a reasonable time are renewable source. Renewable energy sources include many types, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, energy from flowing water, energy from sun and energy from the biomass etc.I like to share this Free Fall Problems with you all through my article.
Energy from Flowing Water for Types of Renewable Sources
Water flowing through river is also one of the important renewable types of sources energy.
This source of energy has been utilized to transport heavy logs of wood from inaccessible areas of forest in hilly areas.
In some places water wheels are used for the grinding of grains.
Energy of flow water is utilized to produce electricity at hydroelectric power station.
Dams are constructed to store the water by obstructing flow water of a river.
In this method, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
The water from the top of the dam is allowed to fall through pipes over the turbines blades at the bottom of dam.
When water falls on a turbine,potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and turbines rotate with greater speed.
Moving turbines alternate the armature of the electric generator to produce electricity.
Energy got from flow water is known as hydroelectric energy.
Understanding What are Permanent Magnets Includes is always challenging for me but thanks to all math help websites to help me out.
Energy from Sun for Types of Renewable Sources
Sun is a large sphere of hot gases.It is a distance about 1.5`xx` 108km from the earth.
The diameter of the sun is 1.4`xx` 106km and its mass is 2`xx`30 kg.
Interior part of the sun is very hot having the temperature about 2`xx`107.
At such high temperature heat is created due to various fusion reactions in which hydrogen is converted into helium nuclei.
Such reactions are called 'nuclear fusion reactions'.
The main advantages of the solar energy are:
Solar energy sources is a very large and in exhaustive source of energy.
Solar energy sources is a clean renewable types of source energy and its use does not affect the environment.
Let us discuss types of renewable sources. The types of renewable resources that have inherent capacity to reappear or replenish themselves by quick cycling, reproduction and replacement within a reasonable time are renewable source. Renewable energy sources include many types, wind energy, tidal energy, geothermal energy, energy from flowing water, energy from sun and energy from the biomass etc.I like to share this Free Fall Problems with you all through my article.
Energy from Flowing Water for Types of Renewable Sources
Water flowing through river is also one of the important renewable types of sources energy.
This source of energy has been utilized to transport heavy logs of wood from inaccessible areas of forest in hilly areas.
In some places water wheels are used for the grinding of grains.
Energy of flow water is utilized to produce electricity at hydroelectric power station.
Dams are constructed to store the water by obstructing flow water of a river.
In this method, kinetic energy is converted into potential energy.
The water from the top of the dam is allowed to fall through pipes over the turbines blades at the bottom of dam.
When water falls on a turbine,potential energy is converted into kinetic energy and turbines rotate with greater speed.
Moving turbines alternate the armature of the electric generator to produce electricity.
Energy got from flow water is known as hydroelectric energy.
Understanding What are Permanent Magnets Includes is always challenging for me but thanks to all math help websites to help me out.
Energy from Sun for Types of Renewable Sources
Sun is a large sphere of hot gases.It is a distance about 1.5`xx` 108km from the earth.
The diameter of the sun is 1.4`xx` 106km and its mass is 2`xx`30 kg.
Interior part of the sun is very hot having the temperature about 2`xx`107.
At such high temperature heat is created due to various fusion reactions in which hydrogen is converted into helium nuclei.
Such reactions are called 'nuclear fusion reactions'.
The main advantages of the solar energy are:
Solar energy sources is a very large and in exhaustive source of energy.
Solar energy sources is a clean renewable types of source energy and its use does not affect the environment.
Thursday, January 24, 2013
Platinum Electrode Electrolyte
Introduction to platinum electrode and electrolyte:
The electrodes are used for electrochemical analysis in the laboratories and for the manufacturing purposes of the different substances or for purification of substances. There are various types of the platinum electrodes, which are used for different purposes. Let us discuss the various types of the platinum electrodes used for the different purposes.
Platinum Electrodes and Electrolytes
In general the platinum electrodes are made of 10% iridium alloy so that the strength of the electrode increase and we can use the platinum electrode for long time. Platinum electrode which are in cylinder form are made by a gauge having the wire diameter of about 0.15 mm × 360 mesh per squared centimeter. In this case, the electrode has greater surface area of the plain or may be the perforated platinum sheet. Due to more surface area the contact of the electrolyte with the electrode is more so that the ions move freely. It will take very less time in completing the reaction due to more area. Almost all of the electro chemical analysis is done by using the wire gauge platinum electrode. The other type of platinum electrodes are enclosed in a hard glass tubes and having a brass connection outside the tube. The glass protects the delicate platinum electrode. In the Hoffman electrolysis apparatus we use platinum electrodes which are enclosed in glass tube and in the form of pairs.
Conclusion for the Platinum Electrode and Electrolyte
Generally the wire gauge electrodes are more delicate as compared to the other ones. So, avoid shaking the electrode vigorously, as after electrolysis, the deposition of substances should be removed by dissolving in the acids to prevent the electrode for any damage. The platinum electrodes should be cleaned with distilled water and then dry up to 100°C before reuse the electrodes. As we use Zinc, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury for the electrochemical reaction, first deposit some of the copper or silver on the platinum electrodes to prevent it from alloying with the platinum.
The electrodes are used for electrochemical analysis in the laboratories and for the manufacturing purposes of the different substances or for purification of substances. There are various types of the platinum electrodes, which are used for different purposes. Let us discuss the various types of the platinum electrodes used for the different purposes.
Platinum Electrodes and Electrolytes
In general the platinum electrodes are made of 10% iridium alloy so that the strength of the electrode increase and we can use the platinum electrode for long time. Platinum electrode which are in cylinder form are made by a gauge having the wire diameter of about 0.15 mm × 360 mesh per squared centimeter. In this case, the electrode has greater surface area of the plain or may be the perforated platinum sheet. Due to more surface area the contact of the electrolyte with the electrode is more so that the ions move freely. It will take very less time in completing the reaction due to more area. Almost all of the electro chemical analysis is done by using the wire gauge platinum electrode. The other type of platinum electrodes are enclosed in a hard glass tubes and having a brass connection outside the tube. The glass protects the delicate platinum electrode. In the Hoffman electrolysis apparatus we use platinum electrodes which are enclosed in glass tube and in the form of pairs.
Conclusion for the Platinum Electrode and Electrolyte
Generally the wire gauge electrodes are more delicate as compared to the other ones. So, avoid shaking the electrode vigorously, as after electrolysis, the deposition of substances should be removed by dissolving in the acids to prevent the electrode for any damage. The platinum electrodes should be cleaned with distilled water and then dry up to 100°C before reuse the electrodes. As we use Zinc, tin, lead, cadmium and mercury for the electrochemical reaction, first deposit some of the copper or silver on the platinum electrodes to prevent it from alloying with the platinum.
High Energy Nuclear Physics
Introduction to High Energy Nuclear Physics:
Presently high energy nuclear physics is one of the experimental study and research field. In which the atomic nuclei and the processes related to it can be studied by us. Basically in high energy nuclear physics we study the heavy ionic collisions which produces a large amount of energy.
In past decades it is not possible to have the high energy nuclear physics experiments in the lab but now it is possible to do it. The basic goal of high energy nuclear physics is to construct a roadmap of matter that will help us to unlock the secrets of how the universe is put together. Having problem with Formula for Torque keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
What Actually High Energy Nuclear Physics Is
High energy nuclear physics is a experimental and theoretical study of nuclear matter in high energ y physics regimes. Its primary focus is the study of heavy-ion collisions.The heavy ions are proton or other hadrons. At sufficient high collision energies these types of collisions produce the the plasma which consist of quarks and gluons. Please express your views of this topic charging a capacitor equation by commenting on blog.
The information on the electromagnetic production of leptons and mesons is easily obtained from high energy nuclear physics which are not accessible in electron and positron colliders due to their small luminosities.
Example of High Energy Nuclear Physics
One of the common example of high energy nuclear physics is our sun. In our sun two hydrogen nucleus are fused to form an helium nucleus and produces a sufficient high energy which is not easy to obtain in the lab.
Another interesting and most known example of high energy nuclear physics is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in which high energy particle beams of opposite polarity are collides and produce a large amount of energy. By this it can produce a set of new particles which are never known but exists.
Another interesting and current example of high energy nuclear physics experiments is Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is a set of four primary experiments PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS which study collisions of highly relativistic nuclei.
Conclusion on High Energy Nuclear Physics:
In conclusion we say that the study of high energy nuclear physics can solve the mystery of universe and other high energy particles.
Presently high energy nuclear physics is one of the experimental study and research field. In which the atomic nuclei and the processes related to it can be studied by us. Basically in high energy nuclear physics we study the heavy ionic collisions which produces a large amount of energy.
In past decades it is not possible to have the high energy nuclear physics experiments in the lab but now it is possible to do it. The basic goal of high energy nuclear physics is to construct a roadmap of matter that will help us to unlock the secrets of how the universe is put together. Having problem with Formula for Torque keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
What Actually High Energy Nuclear Physics Is
High energy nuclear physics is a experimental and theoretical study of nuclear matter in high energ y physics regimes. Its primary focus is the study of heavy-ion collisions.The heavy ions are proton or other hadrons. At sufficient high collision energies these types of collisions produce the the plasma which consist of quarks and gluons. Please express your views of this topic charging a capacitor equation by commenting on blog.
The information on the electromagnetic production of leptons and mesons is easily obtained from high energy nuclear physics which are not accessible in electron and positron colliders due to their small luminosities.
Example of High Energy Nuclear Physics
One of the common example of high energy nuclear physics is our sun. In our sun two hydrogen nucleus are fused to form an helium nucleus and produces a sufficient high energy which is not easy to obtain in the lab.
Another interesting and most known example of high energy nuclear physics is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), in which high energy particle beams of opposite polarity are collides and produce a large amount of energy. By this it can produce a set of new particles which are never known but exists.
Another interesting and current example of high energy nuclear physics experiments is Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). It is a set of four primary experiments PHENIX, STAR, PHOBOS and BRAHMS which study collisions of highly relativistic nuclei.
Conclusion on High Energy Nuclear Physics:
In conclusion we say that the study of high energy nuclear physics can solve the mystery of universe and other high energy particles.
Equation for Rotational Inertia
Introduction to Equation for Rotational Inertia:
If a body is in rest it cannot starts rotating itself along any axis and if it is in rotational motion it cannot stops itself. So there is an inertia in rotational motion. A quantity that measures the inertia of rotational motion is called rotational inertia or moment of inertia of the body. Rotational inertia plays the similar role in rotational motion as mass plays in linear motion. Rotational inertia is a scalar quantity. Is this topic Buoyant Force Formula hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Equation for Rotational Inertia:
The rotational inertia of a rotating body about a given axis is defined as the sum of products of masses of all the particles of the body and squares of their respective distances from the axis of rotation.
Mathematically, the rotational inertia I =
Where, mi is the mass of any particle of elementary mass and ri is the distance of that elementary mass of the particle from axis of rotation. Rotational inertia depends upon the position of the axis of rotation, orientation of the axis of rotation, shape of the object, size of the object and distribution of mass of the object about the axis of rotation. Unit of rotational inertia is kg m2 or g cm2.
Equation of Rotational Inertia and Angular Momentum : Applications
(i) The angular velocity of a planet revolving in an elliptical orbit around the sun increases, when it comes nearer to the sun and the reverse is also true.When a planet revolving around the sun in an elliptical path near the sun, its rotational inertia about the axis through the sun decreases hence, angular speed increases. While on the other hand when the planet is far away from the sun the rotational inertia of the planet about the axis through the sun increases and hence angular speed decreases. I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Ferromagnetic Material, But thank to online resources of math which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
(ii) A girl who is perfect in ballet dancing can increase her angular velocity by folding her arms and bringing the stretched leg close to the other leg. When her hands and legs are stretched outwards her rotational inertia about the axis of rotation is large and hence the angular speed is quite small. By folding her arms and bringing the stretched leg close to the other leg, she decreases her rotational inertia so that the angular speed increases.
If a body is in rest it cannot starts rotating itself along any axis and if it is in rotational motion it cannot stops itself. So there is an inertia in rotational motion. A quantity that measures the inertia of rotational motion is called rotational inertia or moment of inertia of the body. Rotational inertia plays the similar role in rotational motion as mass plays in linear motion. Rotational inertia is a scalar quantity. Is this topic Buoyant Force Formula hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Equation for Rotational Inertia:
The rotational inertia of a rotating body about a given axis is defined as the sum of products of masses of all the particles of the body and squares of their respective distances from the axis of rotation.
Mathematically, the rotational inertia I =
Where, mi is the mass of any particle of elementary mass and ri is the distance of that elementary mass of the particle from axis of rotation. Rotational inertia depends upon the position of the axis of rotation, orientation of the axis of rotation, shape of the object, size of the object and distribution of mass of the object about the axis of rotation. Unit of rotational inertia is kg m2 or g cm2.
Equation of Rotational Inertia and Angular Momentum : Applications
(i) The angular velocity of a planet revolving in an elliptical orbit around the sun increases, when it comes nearer to the sun and the reverse is also true.When a planet revolving around the sun in an elliptical path near the sun, its rotational inertia about the axis through the sun decreases hence, angular speed increases. While on the other hand when the planet is far away from the sun the rotational inertia of the planet about the axis through the sun increases and hence angular speed decreases. I have recently faced lot of problem while learning Ferromagnetic Material, But thank to online resources of math which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
(ii) A girl who is perfect in ballet dancing can increase her angular velocity by folding her arms and bringing the stretched leg close to the other leg. When her hands and legs are stretched outwards her rotational inertia about the axis of rotation is large and hence the angular speed is quite small. By folding her arms and bringing the stretched leg close to the other leg, she decreases her rotational inertia so that the angular speed increases.
Thursday, January 17, 2013
Electrostatic Conductor
Introduction to electrostatic conductor
The electrostatic conductors are the conductors, which can pass the electric charge through them very easily. Most of the substances in nature are divided into two categories, one is conductor and the other is insulator. A substance, which can be used to carry or conduct electric charge from one place to the other, is called a conductor. I like to share this Electrostatic Constant with you all through my article.
Electrostatic Conductor
Silver is known to be one of the finest conductors. The other examples of conductors are copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, coal etc. In addition, Earth also proves to be a good conductor of electricity and so is the human body. There are some liquid conductors also, such as salt solutions, acids, alkali, etc. In metallic conductor, there is large number of free electrons, which acts as the charge carriers. In metals, the outer electrons part away from their atoms and are free to roam about in the body of the metal, but they cannot leave the metal under normal circumstances. The free electrons form a kind of electron gas; they collide with each other and move randomly in the different directions. In an external electric field, the free electrons drift against the direction of electric field. The residual atoms made up of nuclei and the bound electrons remain held in their fixed positions. They constitute the bound charges in the conductor, as they cannot move. In electrolytic conductors, the charge carriers are both the positive and negative point. Please express your views of this topic 2d Kinematics Equations by commenting on blog.
Behavior of Electrostatic Conductor Inside Electric Field
The behavior of electrostatic conductor inside the electric field is given below:
(i) The electric field is as a rule zero inside a conductor,
(ii) The interior of a conductor can have no excess charge in static situation.
(iii) Electric field right outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the surface of
the conductor at each point.
(iv) Electrostatic potential is constant across the volume of the conductor and it has
same value as on its surface.
(v) Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is equal to the surface charge
density divided by the absolute permittivity of free space.
(vi) Surface charge density of a charge is different at different points.
The electrostatic conductors are the conductors, which can pass the electric charge through them very easily. Most of the substances in nature are divided into two categories, one is conductor and the other is insulator. A substance, which can be used to carry or conduct electric charge from one place to the other, is called a conductor. I like to share this Electrostatic Constant with you all through my article.
Electrostatic Conductor
Silver is known to be one of the finest conductors. The other examples of conductors are copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, coal etc. In addition, Earth also proves to be a good conductor of electricity and so is the human body. There are some liquid conductors also, such as salt solutions, acids, alkali, etc. In metallic conductor, there is large number of free electrons, which acts as the charge carriers. In metals, the outer electrons part away from their atoms and are free to roam about in the body of the metal, but they cannot leave the metal under normal circumstances. The free electrons form a kind of electron gas; they collide with each other and move randomly in the different directions. In an external electric field, the free electrons drift against the direction of electric field. The residual atoms made up of nuclei and the bound electrons remain held in their fixed positions. They constitute the bound charges in the conductor, as they cannot move. In electrolytic conductors, the charge carriers are both the positive and negative point. Please express your views of this topic 2d Kinematics Equations by commenting on blog.
Behavior of Electrostatic Conductor Inside Electric Field
The behavior of electrostatic conductor inside the electric field is given below:
(i) The electric field is as a rule zero inside a conductor,
(ii) The interior of a conductor can have no excess charge in static situation.
(iii) Electric field right outside a charged conductor is perpendicular to the surface of
the conductor at each point.
(iv) Electrostatic potential is constant across the volume of the conductor and it has
same value as on its surface.
(v) Electric field at the surface of a charged conductor is equal to the surface charge
density divided by the absolute permittivity of free space.
(vi) Surface charge density of a charge is different at different points.
Direction of Upthrust
Introduction to direction for upthrust
As we know that the substance floats in a liquid whose density is less than the density of the liquid in which the substance is submerged. On the other hand, the substance sinks in a liquid whose density is more than the density of liquid in which the substance is submerged. For example, wood floats on water but iron block sinks in the water, because the density of wood is less than the water but the density of iron is more than the water. To understand this concept first we introduce the term upthrust and buoyancy. Having problem with Optical Density Formula keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Direction of Upthrust
If a body immersed completely or partly in a liquid, there is a loss in the weight of the body. The property of a liquid due to which the body loses its weight in the liquid, is called buoyancy. If we immersed a body in a liquid, there is some upward force acting on the body. S that the net force due to gravity on the body = weight of the body in air – upward force acting on the body. Thus, the body loses some weight. The upward force exerted by the liquid on a body, which is immersed in the liquid, is known as the upthrust force or the buoyant force. The direction of the upthrust force is always upwards, which can be proved by a physical activity. I have recently faced lot of problem while learning All Physics Formulas, But thank to online resources of math which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Activity for the Direction of Upthrust
Consider a beaker filled with a liquid of density d. Let a block of height h is immersed in the liquid. Now the pressure at face A is P1 and the pressure at face B is P2.
So, as we know that the pressure is equal to the product of height, density of the liquid and the acceleration due to gravity.
P1 = h1 × d × g = h1dg (directed downwards)
P2 = h2 × d × g = h2dg (directed upwards)
Net pressure , P = P2 – P1 = h2dg – h1dg = (h2 – h1)dg
P = hdg (directed upwards)
So, force = pressure × Area
F = hdg × A
F = Vdg (height × Area = Volume)
This is the upthrust force acting upwards.
Conclusion
From the above discussions, we can conclude that the direction of upthrust is directed upwards. The upthrust force depends on the volume of the body immersed and the density of the liquid in which the body immersed.
As we know that the substance floats in a liquid whose density is less than the density of the liquid in which the substance is submerged. On the other hand, the substance sinks in a liquid whose density is more than the density of liquid in which the substance is submerged. For example, wood floats on water but iron block sinks in the water, because the density of wood is less than the water but the density of iron is more than the water. To understand this concept first we introduce the term upthrust and buoyancy. Having problem with Optical Density Formula keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Direction of Upthrust
If a body immersed completely or partly in a liquid, there is a loss in the weight of the body. The property of a liquid due to which the body loses its weight in the liquid, is called buoyancy. If we immersed a body in a liquid, there is some upward force acting on the body. S that the net force due to gravity on the body = weight of the body in air – upward force acting on the body. Thus, the body loses some weight. The upward force exerted by the liquid on a body, which is immersed in the liquid, is known as the upthrust force or the buoyant force. The direction of the upthrust force is always upwards, which can be proved by a physical activity. I have recently faced lot of problem while learning All Physics Formulas, But thank to online resources of math which helped me to learn myself easily on net.
Activity for the Direction of Upthrust
Consider a beaker filled with a liquid of density d. Let a block of height h is immersed in the liquid. Now the pressure at face A is P1 and the pressure at face B is P2.
So, as we know that the pressure is equal to the product of height, density of the liquid and the acceleration due to gravity.
P1 = h1 × d × g = h1dg (directed downwards)
P2 = h2 × d × g = h2dg (directed upwards)
Net pressure , P = P2 – P1 = h2dg – h1dg = (h2 – h1)dg
P = hdg (directed upwards)
So, force = pressure × Area
F = hdg × A
F = Vdg (height × Area = Volume)
This is the upthrust force acting upwards.
Conclusion
From the above discussions, we can conclude that the direction of upthrust is directed upwards. The upthrust force depends on the volume of the body immersed and the density of the liquid in which the body immersed.
Thursday, January 10, 2013
Define Ocean Currents
Introduction to ocean currents
Ocean water are in moving condition continuously. The ocean current flows in the complex patterns and they are affected by the moving air or wind, water salinity, temperature of water, topography of ocean floor and the rotation of earth. The ocean currents are driven by the fast moving air and by the solar heating water near the equator. The ocean current flows in the unique direction and the flow is almost constant.
Definition of Ocean Currents
An ocean current is a continuous flow of the ocean water developed by the forces acting upon the water surface due to water salinity gradient and other reasons. The major reason of producing the ocean waves is the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. The ocean currents can flow through the long distances and them flows together so that they create the great flow of the global conveyor which plays the important role for the climate of the earth. The ocean current, which flows on the surface of the ocean, develops the typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere of the earth and anti clockwise spirals in the southern hemisphere of the earth. Inside the deep ocean, the density and the temperature differences drive the ocean currents. The ocean currents are made up by the 10% of all the water in the ocean. The ocean currents are at the depth of 400 m from the free surface of water.
Cause of Ocean Currents
The water in the oceans flows continuously in the oceans which results the ocean currents. The ocean currents may flow on the surface of water or may flow deep inside the water. The motion of the ocean currents are due to the wind. The ocean currents, which flows along the equator in each of the major oceans. These ocean currents carry warm water. As the ocean currents reaches at the continents, they split into two parts which are moving in the opposite directions. The water which goes farther and farther away from the equator, they gets cooled and they come back again near to the equator either in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction.
Ocean water are in moving condition continuously. The ocean current flows in the complex patterns and they are affected by the moving air or wind, water salinity, temperature of water, topography of ocean floor and the rotation of earth. The ocean currents are driven by the fast moving air and by the solar heating water near the equator. The ocean current flows in the unique direction and the flow is almost constant.
Definition of Ocean Currents
An ocean current is a continuous flow of the ocean water developed by the forces acting upon the water surface due to water salinity gradient and other reasons. The major reason of producing the ocean waves is the gravitational pull of the moon and the sun. The ocean currents can flow through the long distances and them flows together so that they create the great flow of the global conveyor which plays the important role for the climate of the earth. The ocean current, which flows on the surface of the ocean, develops the typical clockwise spirals in the northern hemisphere of the earth and anti clockwise spirals in the southern hemisphere of the earth. Inside the deep ocean, the density and the temperature differences drive the ocean currents. The ocean currents are made up by the 10% of all the water in the ocean. The ocean currents are at the depth of 400 m from the free surface of water.
Cause of Ocean Currents
The water in the oceans flows continuously in the oceans which results the ocean currents. The ocean currents may flow on the surface of water or may flow deep inside the water. The motion of the ocean currents are due to the wind. The ocean currents, which flows along the equator in each of the major oceans. These ocean currents carry warm water. As the ocean currents reaches at the continents, they split into two parts which are moving in the opposite directions. The water which goes farther and farther away from the equator, they gets cooled and they come back again near to the equator either in clockwise or in anticlockwise direction.
Antenna Frequency Length
Introduction to Antenna frequency length
Antenna in radio sense is a device for receiving or sending radio waves. Antenna can be defined as, it is a system of elevated conductors which couples (or) matches the transmitter (or) receiver to free space. Understanding What is a Rare Earth Magnet is always challenging for me but thanks to all math help websites to help me out.
The length of antenna is indicated in wavelengths i.e., in λ, if we want to calculate the length of antenna for a particular frequency f then we know the formulae
Frequency (f) = Velocity of light ( C )
Wavelength (λ)
Where f = frequency in Hertz
C = velocity of light = 3 x 103 meter/sec
Wavelength λ in meters
For example if you want to build a half wave dipole antenna then we take length of antenna as λ/2 for a particular frequency.
Calculating the Wavelengths
Now we are going to calculate wavelength ranges for all electromagnetic spectrum.
Audio frequency, it is abbreviated as AF which is in the frequency range of 20 to 2500 Hz. so from this we can calculate the wave lengths as 15,000,000 to 120,000 meters.
High Audio frequency, it is abbreviated as HAF which is in the frequency range of 2500 to 5000Hz. The wave length range is 120,000 to 60,000 meters.
Very Low Frequency, it is abbreviated as VLF which is in the frequency range of 10 to 30kHz and the wave lengths are in the range of 30,000 to 10,000 meters.
Low Frequency, it is abbreviated as LF and is in the frequency range of 30 to 300 kHz whose wave lengths range is 10,000 to 1,000 meters.
Medium Frequency, it is abbreviated as MF and is the frequency range of 300 to 3,000 kHz and the wave lengths are in the range of 1,000 to 100 meters.
High Frequency, it is abbreviated as HF and is in the frequency range of 3,000 to 30,000 kHz and whose wave lengths are in the range of 100 to 10 meters.
Very High Frequency, it is abbreviated as VHF and is in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz and whose wave length ranges as 10 to 1 meters. Is this topic equation for pressure hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
As we observe all the frequency ranges it is known that wavelengths are inversely proportional to frequency. For low frequencies it is almost impossible to build a antenna. So we have modulation technique in order to decrease length of antenna at low frequencies.
Antenna in radio sense is a device for receiving or sending radio waves. Antenna can be defined as, it is a system of elevated conductors which couples (or) matches the transmitter (or) receiver to free space. Understanding What is a Rare Earth Magnet is always challenging for me but thanks to all math help websites to help me out.
The length of antenna is indicated in wavelengths i.e., in λ, if we want to calculate the length of antenna for a particular frequency f then we know the formulae
Frequency (f) = Velocity of light ( C )
Wavelength (λ)
Where f = frequency in Hertz
C = velocity of light = 3 x 103 meter/sec
Wavelength λ in meters
For example if you want to build a half wave dipole antenna then we take length of antenna as λ/2 for a particular frequency.
Calculating the Wavelengths
Now we are going to calculate wavelength ranges for all electromagnetic spectrum.
Audio frequency, it is abbreviated as AF which is in the frequency range of 20 to 2500 Hz. so from this we can calculate the wave lengths as 15,000,000 to 120,000 meters.
High Audio frequency, it is abbreviated as HAF which is in the frequency range of 2500 to 5000Hz. The wave length range is 120,000 to 60,000 meters.
Very Low Frequency, it is abbreviated as VLF which is in the frequency range of 10 to 30kHz and the wave lengths are in the range of 30,000 to 10,000 meters.
Low Frequency, it is abbreviated as LF and is in the frequency range of 30 to 300 kHz whose wave lengths range is 10,000 to 1,000 meters.
Medium Frequency, it is abbreviated as MF and is the frequency range of 300 to 3,000 kHz and the wave lengths are in the range of 1,000 to 100 meters.
High Frequency, it is abbreviated as HF and is in the frequency range of 3,000 to 30,000 kHz and whose wave lengths are in the range of 100 to 10 meters.
Very High Frequency, it is abbreviated as VHF and is in the frequency range of 30 to 300 MHz and whose wave length ranges as 10 to 1 meters. Is this topic equation for pressure hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
As we observe all the frequency ranges it is known that wavelengths are inversely proportional to frequency. For low frequencies it is almost impossible to build a antenna. So we have modulation technique in order to decrease length of antenna at low frequencies.
Newtons 1 Law
Introduction to Newtons 1st law of motion:-
Sir Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion, which have helped us in the development of science and technology in many fold ways, as they serve as the basic principals on which further laws and studies were advanced. I like to share this First Law of Thermodynamics Definition with you all through my article.
The fist law of motion states that an object at rest will remain in its state of rest , and an object in motion will remain in its state of uniform motion unless compelled to change its state of rest or of uniform motion by an external agency.
Explanation on Newtons first Law of Motion:
The above law implies that an object, if at rest, can not automatically start moving without the application of force on it. Similarly, if an object is in a state of uniform motion, it will neither stop moving nor change its state of uniform motion to a non uniform one without the action of a force on it. This can be summarized to say that an object at a constant velocity will not change its velocity unless acted upon by some force, and if that velocity is zero, then the object will remain at rest. The first law of motion describes the property of inertia. Inertia is the property of all objects, by virtue of which, they tend to adhere to their current state of uniform motion or of rest under the compulsion of an external force, and only change their current state when that compulsive force overcomes their resistance. This resistance of all bodies against change in their current state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia. Thus, from the first law, we come to know that only “force” is the factor that changes a body's state of motion, and that uniform motion and rest are not different from each other on the basis of force. Please express your views of this topic Projectile Motion Equation by commenting on blog.
Questions on Newtons first Law of Motion:
Since the first law of newton does not provide a direct formula and it explains the concept of inertia, there are many day to day phenomenon that implement this law. One should be able to explain the application of the Newton's first law in such theoretical questions. Some examples are given as follows:-
When breaks are applied suddenly in a moving vehicle, why are the passengers thrown forwards?
Answer:- The initial state of motion of the vehicle and the passengers in it is that of uniform motion in a straight line. When breaks are suddenly applied on the vehicle, the passengers tend to resist the change in their state of motion, and in in effort of doing so, the passenger's bodies keep on moving forward, and so when the vehicle stops, the passengers get thrown forwards. This is an example of inertia exhibited by the passenger's bodies.
Why does a cyclist have to bend inwards while taking a turn?
Answer:- Before taking the turn, the direction of motion of the cyclist is different. When the handle of the cycle is turned, the cycle and the cyclist's body tend to move in their original path, that is, they oppose the change in direction of motion due to inertia. In this situation, the cyclist can fall off the cycle. To prevent this, the cyclist puts his/her weight inwards in the direction of the turn.
Why do we feel dizzy if we move round and round for some time and them come to a stop?
Answer:- This is because the eyes and the fluid in the ears that maintains the balance of our body both are in motion with the body in its rotatory motion. When the person stops rotating suddenly, the eyes and the fluid does not stop as fast and they tend to be in the rotatory motion due to the property of inertia. Thus, one loses the balance of the body and feels dizzy as the vision swirls. Note:- DO NOT try this as it can cause serious injury.
Sir Isaac Newton formulated the three laws of motion, which have helped us in the development of science and technology in many fold ways, as they serve as the basic principals on which further laws and studies were advanced. I like to share this First Law of Thermodynamics Definition with you all through my article.
The fist law of motion states that an object at rest will remain in its state of rest , and an object in motion will remain in its state of uniform motion unless compelled to change its state of rest or of uniform motion by an external agency.
Explanation on Newtons first Law of Motion:
The above law implies that an object, if at rest, can not automatically start moving without the application of force on it. Similarly, if an object is in a state of uniform motion, it will neither stop moving nor change its state of uniform motion to a non uniform one without the action of a force on it. This can be summarized to say that an object at a constant velocity will not change its velocity unless acted upon by some force, and if that velocity is zero, then the object will remain at rest. The first law of motion describes the property of inertia. Inertia is the property of all objects, by virtue of which, they tend to adhere to their current state of uniform motion or of rest under the compulsion of an external force, and only change their current state when that compulsive force overcomes their resistance. This resistance of all bodies against change in their current state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia. Thus, from the first law, we come to know that only “force” is the factor that changes a body's state of motion, and that uniform motion and rest are not different from each other on the basis of force. Please express your views of this topic Projectile Motion Equation by commenting on blog.
Questions on Newtons first Law of Motion:
Since the first law of newton does not provide a direct formula and it explains the concept of inertia, there are many day to day phenomenon that implement this law. One should be able to explain the application of the Newton's first law in such theoretical questions. Some examples are given as follows:-
When breaks are applied suddenly in a moving vehicle, why are the passengers thrown forwards?
Answer:- The initial state of motion of the vehicle and the passengers in it is that of uniform motion in a straight line. When breaks are suddenly applied on the vehicle, the passengers tend to resist the change in their state of motion, and in in effort of doing so, the passenger's bodies keep on moving forward, and so when the vehicle stops, the passengers get thrown forwards. This is an example of inertia exhibited by the passenger's bodies.
Why does a cyclist have to bend inwards while taking a turn?
Answer:- Before taking the turn, the direction of motion of the cyclist is different. When the handle of the cycle is turned, the cycle and the cyclist's body tend to move in their original path, that is, they oppose the change in direction of motion due to inertia. In this situation, the cyclist can fall off the cycle. To prevent this, the cyclist puts his/her weight inwards in the direction of the turn.
Why do we feel dizzy if we move round and round for some time and them come to a stop?
Answer:- This is because the eyes and the fluid in the ears that maintains the balance of our body both are in motion with the body in its rotatory motion. When the person stops rotating suddenly, the eyes and the fluid does not stop as fast and they tend to be in the rotatory motion due to the property of inertia. Thus, one loses the balance of the body and feels dizzy as the vision swirls. Note:- DO NOT try this as it can cause serious injury.
Thursday, January 3, 2013
Physics Vector Calculator
Introduction to physics vector calculator:
Vector calculation problems in physics are those problems that require the application of vectors and operations on vectors. Many complex calculator problems in physics are solved easily by using vectors. Since vectors are different from scalar quantities in that they have direction as well as magnitude, even the basic arithmetic operations on vectors are different from those on scalars.
Addition, subtraction and multiplication of vectors, all have different methods than those of simple algebra.
In this short tutorial, we deal with physics vector problems that are solved using these operations on vectors.
Physics Vector Application Problems and Solutions
A river flows at 3 m/s and is 300 m wide. A man swims across the river with a velocity of 2 m.s directed always perpendicular to the flow of current. Find the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the man under the effect of the stream?
Given :
Velocity of river `vecVr` = 3 m/s
Width of river, `W` = 300 m
Velocity of swimmer, `vecVs` = 2 m/s
Angle between velocity of river and velocity of swimmer, `theta` = 90°
The following diagram illustrates the given situation:
In the above diagram, velocity '`vecV` ' is the resultant velocity of the man under the influence of the stream.
Since the resultant velocity of the swimmer (`vecV` ) is the result of the combined velocities of the river and the swimmer, therefore
`vecV = vecVs + vecVr`
By applying the vector addition formula derived from triangle law of vector addition, we get
`vecV = sqrt((Vs)^2 + (Vr)^2 + (Vs)(Vr)*costheta)`
`vecV = sqrt((2)^2 + (3)^2 + (2)(3)*cos90)`
`vecV = sqrt(4 + 9)`
`vecV = sqrt(13) = 3.6 m/s`
Thus, the resultant velocity of the swimmer under the action of the stream is 3.6 m/s.
Explanation to above Physics Vector Application Problem
In the above question, find the direction of the resultant velocity `vecV` of the swimmer with respect to the shore of the river.
Let the angle of inclination of resultant velocity vector `vecV` to the velocity of the river `vecVr` be `alpha` °.
We know that angle between velocity of river and that of swimmer, `theta = 90` °
Thus applying the formula for velocity of resultant vector,
`tan(alpha) = (Vb sintheta)/(Va - Vbcostheta)` , where `Vb` is the velocity of swimmer and `Va` the velocity of river.
`tan(alpha) = (Vs sintheta)/(Vr - Vscostheta)`
`tan(alpha) = (2 sin90)/(3 - 2cos90)`
`tan(alpha) = 2/3 = 0.66`
By referring to the trigonometric table for tangent, we get `alpha = 33.7` ° (approx).
Thus, the velocity of the swimmer has a direction of 33.7° inclination to the shore of the river.
Vector calculation problems in physics are those problems that require the application of vectors and operations on vectors. Many complex calculator problems in physics are solved easily by using vectors. Since vectors are different from scalar quantities in that they have direction as well as magnitude, even the basic arithmetic operations on vectors are different from those on scalars.
Addition, subtraction and multiplication of vectors, all have different methods than those of simple algebra.
In this short tutorial, we deal with physics vector problems that are solved using these operations on vectors.
Physics Vector Application Problems and Solutions
A river flows at 3 m/s and is 300 m wide. A man swims across the river with a velocity of 2 m.s directed always perpendicular to the flow of current. Find the magnitude of the resultant velocity of the man under the effect of the stream?
Given :
Velocity of river `vecVr` = 3 m/s
Width of river, `W` = 300 m
Velocity of swimmer, `vecVs` = 2 m/s
Angle between velocity of river and velocity of swimmer, `theta` = 90°
The following diagram illustrates the given situation:
In the above diagram, velocity '`vecV` ' is the resultant velocity of the man under the influence of the stream.
Since the resultant velocity of the swimmer (`vecV` ) is the result of the combined velocities of the river and the swimmer, therefore
`vecV = vecVs + vecVr`
By applying the vector addition formula derived from triangle law of vector addition, we get
`vecV = sqrt((Vs)^2 + (Vr)^2 + (Vs)(Vr)*costheta)`
`vecV = sqrt((2)^2 + (3)^2 + (2)(3)*cos90)`
`vecV = sqrt(4 + 9)`
`vecV = sqrt(13) = 3.6 m/s`
Thus, the resultant velocity of the swimmer under the action of the stream is 3.6 m/s.
Explanation to above Physics Vector Application Problem
In the above question, find the direction of the resultant velocity `vecV` of the swimmer with respect to the shore of the river.
Let the angle of inclination of resultant velocity vector `vecV` to the velocity of the river `vecVr` be `alpha` °.
We know that angle between velocity of river and that of swimmer, `theta = 90` °
Thus applying the formula for velocity of resultant vector,
`tan(alpha) = (Vb sintheta)/(Va - Vbcostheta)` , where `Vb` is the velocity of swimmer and `Va` the velocity of river.
`tan(alpha) = (Vs sintheta)/(Vr - Vscostheta)`
`tan(alpha) = (2 sin90)/(3 - 2cos90)`
`tan(alpha) = 2/3 = 0.66`
By referring to the trigonometric table for tangent, we get `alpha = 33.7` ° (approx).
Thus, the velocity of the swimmer has a direction of 33.7° inclination to the shore of the river.
Specific heat
Specific heat(c) is the heat-energy required to change the temperature of a body of unit mass by 1 degree Celsius. The temperature change can be positive or negative. If the temperature is reduced then HT(heat) is released or lost by the body. Usually specifc ht is used for raise in temperature. Specifc ht is also known as specifc ht capacity. Both have same meanings only terms used are different. One term that is confused with specifc ht capacity or specifc ht is ht capacity. Ht capacity is different from the former two terms. Ht capacity (C) is that amount of ht that is needed to raise the temp of a body by a given amount. Note that here temperature is not raised by one degree Celsius. Also mass of the body is not unit mass.
Specific Heat Formula is given as:
Q= M c ∆T
Q here is ht required to change the temperature of a body of mass M by some temperature.
∆T is the change in temperature which is difference between final and initial temperatures.
SI Unit of Q is joule, of mass is gram and of temp is Celsius so SI unit of specifc ht or specifc ht capcity is J/ gm oC. other derived Units for Specific Heat are kJ/kg K, cal/g K, cal/g oC, kJ/kg oC and many more.
I like to share this 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Definition with you all through my article.
Ht capacity is given by C = Q/∆T
Unit of ht capacity is J per K or J/K.
Ht capacity per unit mass per degree Celsius is specifc ht capacity. Also ht capacity per unit mole per degree Celsius is known as molar ht capacity J/ moleoC, and per unit volume is volumetric ht capacity (J / m3 oC).
Different materials have different value of specifc ht. Metals have usually low specifc hts than liquids. Like Specific Heat of Tin is 0.21kJ/kg K. This means that 1 kg of tin if heated to change its temperature by 1 kelvin then it will need 0.21 kilo joules of heat-energy. Specific Heat Capacity of Copper is 0.385 J/g oC (1 gram of copper needs 0.385 joules of energy to raise its temp by 1 degree Celsius)
Specific Heat of Glass is 0.84 J per gram OCelsius.
While specifc heat capacity of H2O is 4.18 J/g oC. If we compare this value with metals’ specifc ht we will get to know that it is very high. So, water needs very high energy or enthalpy to change its temperature by one unit. This high enthalpy helps it in maintaining aquatic life.
Specific Heat Formula is given as:
Q= M c ∆T
Q here is ht required to change the temperature of a body of mass M by some temperature.
∆T is the change in temperature which is difference between final and initial temperatures.
SI Unit of Q is joule, of mass is gram and of temp is Celsius so SI unit of specifc ht or specifc ht capcity is J/ gm oC. other derived Units for Specific Heat are kJ/kg K, cal/g K, cal/g oC, kJ/kg oC and many more.
I like to share this 2nd Law of Thermodynamics Definition with you all through my article.
Ht capacity is given by C = Q/∆T
Unit of ht capacity is J per K or J/K.
Ht capacity per unit mass per degree Celsius is specifc ht capacity. Also ht capacity per unit mole per degree Celsius is known as molar ht capacity J/ moleoC, and per unit volume is volumetric ht capacity (J / m3 oC).
Different materials have different value of specifc ht. Metals have usually low specifc hts than liquids. Like Specific Heat of Tin is 0.21kJ/kg K. This means that 1 kg of tin if heated to change its temperature by 1 kelvin then it will need 0.21 kilo joules of heat-energy. Specific Heat Capacity of Copper is 0.385 J/g oC (1 gram of copper needs 0.385 joules of energy to raise its temp by 1 degree Celsius)
Specific Heat of Glass is 0.84 J per gram OCelsius.
While specifc heat capacity of H2O is 4.18 J/g oC. If we compare this value with metals’ specifc ht we will get to know that it is very high. So, water needs very high energy or enthalpy to change its temperature by one unit. This high enthalpy helps it in maintaining aquatic life.
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