Thermal Motion

Introduction to Thermal Motion:

The thermal motion is nothing but a consequence of the kinetic theory of matter and it is applied to the matter which is made up of a large number of small particles i.e. atoms and molecules which are moving randomly constantly. These randomly moving particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container constantly. These collisions produce a heat in the system or matter which results as the thermal motion of particles.

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Example of Thermal Motion:

The Brownian motion is a good example of the thermal motion. A gas has the particles which are very small and we are unable to see them and the gas also contains dust particles and pollen grains. The random motion of these pollen grains or dust particles which is seen using a microscope is known as Brownian motion and this is directly results from the collisions between the particle and air molecules. Fig.1 shows the random motion of particles in any gas or says air which is nothing but the thermal motion.

For finding the displacement of a particle which undergoes the Brownian motion we have to solve the diffusion equation by applying appropriate boundary conditions and hence get the rms of the particle. Thus we say that the displacement varies as square root of the time not linearly.

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Conclusion for thermal motion:

The thermal motion is mostly related with the gases because they have largely displaced particles and if the gases are kept in a container then they obey the conditions of the thermal motion. In solids and liquids the particles are not at sufficient distance such that they freely move in the container if they were kept in it and if one really wants to do it then a large amount of heat is needed for it.

In gases the inter molecular distance between the particles is large enough such that the particles move randomly and hence collide with each other and with the walls of the container vessel which results the thermal motion. In gases the most predominant factor is the movement of the molecules which is necessary for the existence of the thermal motion in any matter.