Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford Atomic Theory  

Rutherford Atomic Theory Suggests that the atom has a positively charged body at it center known as the nucleus. The positive charge of the protons present inside the nucleus are balanced by the electrons that were distributed around the nucleus, this nucleus consists of   protons and neutrons of that atom. The nucleus constitutes most of the mass of the atom.   There are electrons revolving the nucleus and these electrons are negatively charged.

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Ernest Rutherford Atom went ahead and exemplified the cause for the phenomenon of electrons not falling back in to the nucleus although there is a mutual electrostatic force of attraction existing between the electrons and the protons inside the nucleus.
He stated that due to the revolution of electrons  at such high velocity, the centrifugal forces balances the electrostatic forces of attraction resulting in centripetal forces acting inwards which helps in the balancing act and so electrons do not fall in to the nucleus.

Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment

Rutherford   Gold Foil experiment   gave this theory on atomic model. The mass of atom was contained mostly of the nucleus.   . The gold foil experiment conducted by Rutherford helped him to come to this conclusion. In this experiment a beam of alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source in the form of a thin bean ,  was directed onto a sheet of very thin gold foil.
A circular sheet of zinc sulfide was made to surround this gold foil   which was used as a detector: The ZnS sheet would light up when hit with alpha particles. .
To Prevent scattering of molecules the whole experiment was setup in an evacuated chamber to prevent scattering by air molecules.
It was observed that majority of the particles happen to pass straight through the foil.  Rutherford concluded that since the majority particles were not deflected they were empty and were made of open space.
A very small percentage of particles were deflected   by much larger angles say about 90 degrees.


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Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Summary

Alpha particles which were which are big in size were deflected by large angles or bounced backwards because they must have approached some positively charged region responsible for the deflection. This positively charged region is now called the nucleus.
This was due to massive center with a positive charge, the nucleus.  This experiment gave the basis for the Rutherford atomic model.  The results showed that atoms are mostly empty space but with a very dense center which we now call the nucleus.