Conductors and Circuits

Introduction to Conductors and circuits:

Conductors are the materials or most specifically those solids which conduct the electricity through them by introducing a zero or negligible resistance which is the obstruction for the flow of the electricity. Metals are good conductors of electricity and generally known as the conductors. A circuit is a closed path through which an electric current flows. Let us discuss more on conductors and circuits.Please express your views of this topic Types of Force by commenting on blog.


Three types of bands found in Conductors

Every solid contains three bands that are

Valence Energy Band

Conduction Energy Band

Forbidden Energy Band

In conductors the valence and the conduction bands are partly overlap to each other and hence there is no forbidden energy band in between them. Thus conductors are considered to possess single energy band ,which is partly filled and partly empty. Due to this overlapping, many electrons below the Fermi level are excited to the higher energy levels above the Fermi level  in the conduction band by acquiring a little more energy from any source and these electrons are considered as the free electrons. Even if a small electric field is applied to the conductors, these free electrons start moving in a direction opposite to the direction of the applied electric field. Due to this a current  starts to flow in the conductor thus the name proves.

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Different arrangements between Conductors and circuits


The capacitors are also a kind of conductor which is used in the electrical circuits for the safe transfer of the voltage and energy from one point to the other point. The capacitor allows us to store the charge and hence the energy storage is possible in conductors and this stored energy is used as per the requirements. The capacitor has two types of arrangements:

1.Series arrangement: the series arrangement is shown in fig.1 and it has an equivalent capacitance as

1/ Ceq = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2

2.Parallel arrangement: The parallel arrangement of the capacitors is shown in fig.2 and it has an equivalent capacitance as

Ceq = C1 + C2