Satellite Tracking System

Introduction to satellite tracking system:

The tracking,telemetry and command sub system is responsible for all satellite communications,on the satellite and on the ground.The satellite transceiver will be a modified commercial-off-the-shelf system,chosen for the short development time that is required.The ground station will also utilize this system to meet the strict launch schedule.Tracking of the satellite is accomplished having the satellite transmit beacon signals which are received at the telemetry  tracking and control (TT&C)earth stations.Tracking is obviously important during the transfer and drift of a geostationary, which will tend to be shifted as a result of the various disturbing forces.Having problem with Three Laws of Thermodynamics keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.


Subsystems of satellite:


1.Attitude and Orbital control system:

This system consists of rocket motors that are used to move the satellite back to the correct orbit when the drift occurs due to external forces.

2.Telemetry Tracking and Command system:

Telemetry Tracking and Command system performs several routine functions aboard the spacecraft such as monitoring the communication process.collecting the data from various sensors fixed in the satellite etc.

3. Power generation and distribution system:

This system provides the power for the electronic components present in the satellite,which is generated by high efficiency gallium arsenide solar cells and stored in lithium ion batteries.

4.Communication system:

This system handles all transmit and receive communication functions.If it is a communication satellite this will be a heavy portion of the satellites construction.

5. The  satellite antennas:

Antennas used to concentrate the radiated energy in desired direction while transmitting and on receiving side to convey the captured electromagnetic energy to the receiver.

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Tracking of satellite:


Velocity and acceleration sensors on the satellite can be used to track the change in the orbit from the last known orbit position,by integration of the data.The earth station controlling the satellite can observe Doppler shift of the telemetry carrier to determine the rate at which the range is changing.Together with accurate angular measurements from the earth station antenna range is used to determine the orbital elements.In tracking, ranging tones are also used for range measurement. Active determination or tracking of range of a satellite can be achieved by transmitting a pulse  or series of pulses to the satellite and observing the time delay before the pulse is received again.