Electrical Resistance
The opposition offered by an electrical conductor to the flow of a current through itself, resulting in a conversion of electrical energy into heat and radiation. The SI derived unit of resistance is the ohm. Symbol: R.
The electrical resistance of a circuit component or device is defined as the ratio of the voltage applied to the electric current whichflows through it:
R = V/I
If the resistance is constant over a considerable range of voltage, then Ohm's law, I = V/R, can be used to predict the behavior of the material. Although the definition above involves DC current and voltage, the same definition holds for the AC application of resistors.
Whether or not a material obeys Ohm's law, its resistance can be described in terms of its bulk resistivity. The resistivity, and thus the resistance, is temperature dependent. Over sizable ranges of temperature, this temperature dependence can be predicted from a temperature coefficient of resistance.Resistivity and Conductivity
The electrical resistance of a wire would be expected to be greater for a longer wire, less for a wire of larger cross sectional area, and would be expected to depend upon the material out of which the wire is made. Experimentally, the dependence upon these properties is a straightforward one for a wide range of conditions, and the resistance of a wire can be expressed asThe factor in the resistance which takes into account the nature of the material is the resistivity . Although it is temperature dependent, it can be used at a given temperature to calculate the resistance of a wire of given geometry.
The inverse of resistivity is called conductivity. There are contexts where the use of conductivity is more convenient.
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Resistivity Calculation
The electrical resistance of a wire would be expected to be greater for a longer wire, less for a wire of larger cross sectional area, and would be expected to depend upon the material out of which the wire is made (resistivity). Enter data and then click on the quantity you wish to calculate in the active formula above. Unspecified parameters will default to values typical of 10 meters of #12 copper wire. Upon changes, the values will not be forced to be consistent until you click on the quantity you wish to calculate.The factor in the resistance which takes into account the nature of the material is the resistivity . Although it is temperature dependent, it can be used at a given temperature to calculate the resistance of a wire of given geometry.
The electrical resistance of a wire would be expected to be greater for a longer wire, less for a wire of larger cross sectional area, and would be expected to depend upon the material out of which the wire is made (resistivity). Experimentally, the dependence upon these properties is a straightforward one for a wide range of conditions.
Thursday, April 25, 2013
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
Thermal Motion
Introduction to Thermal Motion:
The thermal motion is nothing but a consequence of the kinetic theory of matter and it is applied to the matter which is made up of a large number of small particles i.e. atoms and molecules which are moving randomly constantly. These randomly moving particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container constantly. These collisions produce a heat in the system or matter which results as the thermal motion of particles.
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Example of Thermal Motion:
The Brownian motion is a good example of the thermal motion. A gas has the particles which are very small and we are unable to see them and the gas also contains dust particles and pollen grains. The random motion of these pollen grains or dust particles which is seen using a microscope is known as Brownian motion and this is directly results from the collisions between the particle and air molecules. Fig.1 shows the random motion of particles in any gas or says air which is nothing but the thermal motion.
For finding the displacement of a particle which undergoes the Brownian motion we have to solve the diffusion equation by applying appropriate boundary conditions and hence get the rms of the particle. Thus we say that the displacement varies as square root of the time not linearly.
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Conclusion for thermal motion:
The thermal motion is mostly related with the gases because they have largely displaced particles and if the gases are kept in a container then they obey the conditions of the thermal motion. In solids and liquids the particles are not at sufficient distance such that they freely move in the container if they were kept in it and if one really wants to do it then a large amount of heat is needed for it.
In gases the inter molecular distance between the particles is large enough such that the particles move randomly and hence collide with each other and with the walls of the container vessel which results the thermal motion. In gases the most predominant factor is the movement of the molecules which is necessary for the existence of the thermal motion in any matter.
The thermal motion is nothing but a consequence of the kinetic theory of matter and it is applied to the matter which is made up of a large number of small particles i.e. atoms and molecules which are moving randomly constantly. These randomly moving particles collide with each other and with the walls of the container constantly. These collisions produce a heat in the system or matter which results as the thermal motion of particles.
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Example of Thermal Motion:
The Brownian motion is a good example of the thermal motion. A gas has the particles which are very small and we are unable to see them and the gas also contains dust particles and pollen grains. The random motion of these pollen grains or dust particles which is seen using a microscope is known as Brownian motion and this is directly results from the collisions between the particle and air molecules. Fig.1 shows the random motion of particles in any gas or says air which is nothing but the thermal motion.
For finding the displacement of a particle which undergoes the Brownian motion we have to solve the diffusion equation by applying appropriate boundary conditions and hence get the rms of the particle. Thus we say that the displacement varies as square root of the time not linearly.
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Conclusion for thermal motion:
The thermal motion is mostly related with the gases because they have largely displaced particles and if the gases are kept in a container then they obey the conditions of the thermal motion. In solids and liquids the particles are not at sufficient distance such that they freely move in the container if they were kept in it and if one really wants to do it then a large amount of heat is needed for it.
In gases the inter molecular distance between the particles is large enough such that the particles move randomly and hence collide with each other and with the walls of the container vessel which results the thermal motion. In gases the most predominant factor is the movement of the molecules which is necessary for the existence of the thermal motion in any matter.
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford Atomic Theory
Rutherford Atomic Theory Suggests that the atom has a positively charged body at it center known as the nucleus. The positive charge of the protons present inside the nucleus are balanced by the electrons that were distributed around the nucleus, this nucleus consists of protons and neutrons of that atom. The nucleus constitutes most of the mass of the atom. There are electrons revolving the nucleus and these electrons are negatively charged.
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Ernest Rutherford Atom went ahead and exemplified the cause for the phenomenon of electrons not falling back in to the nucleus although there is a mutual electrostatic force of attraction existing between the electrons and the protons inside the nucleus.
He stated that due to the revolution of electrons at such high velocity, the centrifugal forces balances the electrostatic forces of attraction resulting in centripetal forces acting inwards which helps in the balancing act and so electrons do not fall in to the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford Gold Foil experiment gave this theory on atomic model. The mass of atom was contained mostly of the nucleus. . The gold foil experiment conducted by Rutherford helped him to come to this conclusion. In this experiment a beam of alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source in the form of a thin bean , was directed onto a sheet of very thin gold foil.
A circular sheet of zinc sulfide was made to surround this gold foil which was used as a detector: The ZnS sheet would light up when hit with alpha particles. .
To Prevent scattering of molecules the whole experiment was setup in an evacuated chamber to prevent scattering by air molecules.
It was observed that majority of the particles happen to pass straight through the foil. Rutherford concluded that since the majority particles were not deflected they were empty and were made of open space.
A very small percentage of particles were deflected by much larger angles say about 90 degrees.
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Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Summary
Alpha particles which were which are big in size were deflected by large angles or bounced backwards because they must have approached some positively charged region responsible for the deflection. This positively charged region is now called the nucleus.
This was due to massive center with a positive charge, the nucleus. This experiment gave the basis for the Rutherford atomic model. The results showed that atoms are mostly empty space but with a very dense center which we now call the nucleus.
Rutherford Atomic Theory Suggests that the atom has a positively charged body at it center known as the nucleus. The positive charge of the protons present inside the nucleus are balanced by the electrons that were distributed around the nucleus, this nucleus consists of protons and neutrons of that atom. The nucleus constitutes most of the mass of the atom. There are electrons revolving the nucleus and these electrons are negatively charged.
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Ernest Rutherford Atom went ahead and exemplified the cause for the phenomenon of electrons not falling back in to the nucleus although there is a mutual electrostatic force of attraction existing between the electrons and the protons inside the nucleus.
He stated that due to the revolution of electrons at such high velocity, the centrifugal forces balances the electrostatic forces of attraction resulting in centripetal forces acting inwards which helps in the balancing act and so electrons do not fall in to the nucleus.
Ernest Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment
Rutherford Gold Foil experiment gave this theory on atomic model. The mass of atom was contained mostly of the nucleus. . The gold foil experiment conducted by Rutherford helped him to come to this conclusion. In this experiment a beam of alpha particles emitted from a radioactive source in the form of a thin bean , was directed onto a sheet of very thin gold foil.
A circular sheet of zinc sulfide was made to surround this gold foil which was used as a detector: The ZnS sheet would light up when hit with alpha particles. .
To Prevent scattering of molecules the whole experiment was setup in an evacuated chamber to prevent scattering by air molecules.
It was observed that majority of the particles happen to pass straight through the foil. Rutherford concluded that since the majority particles were not deflected they were empty and were made of open space.
A very small percentage of particles were deflected by much larger angles say about 90 degrees.
Please express your views of this topic Average Atomic Mass Definition by commenting on blog.
Rutherford Gold Foil Experiment Summary
Alpha particles which were which are big in size were deflected by large angles or bounced backwards because they must have approached some positively charged region responsible for the deflection. This positively charged region is now called the nucleus.
This was due to massive center with a positive charge, the nucleus. This experiment gave the basis for the Rutherford atomic model. The results showed that atoms are mostly empty space but with a very dense center which we now call the nucleus.
Wavelength
Wave length is the distance between two peaks in a wave. UV, or ultraviolet, light is an form of electromagnetic radiation that has a shorter wavelength than the light humans can see. Comparing the or UV with that of visible light UV carries more energy.
It also sometimes break bonds between atoms and molecules thereby altering the chemistry of materials that are exposed to it. It also gives rise to fluorescence in some materials.
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Visible light produces he colors red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and violet (V) colors. Ultraviolet is beyond this visible spectrum. Ultraviolet wavelength has shorter wave length than visible light , but more energy than violet light. The wave length of Ultraviolet ranges between 10nm(nanometer) to 400 nm. Ultraviolet spectrum is divided into near ultraviolet, the far ultraviolet and the extreme ultraviolet.
Scientists have tried differentiating the ultra-violet part of the spectrum into 03 specific regions: the near UV, the far UV, and the extreme UV.
These 03 regions are then further distinguished by the level of energy of the ultraviolet radiation, and by the "wave length" of the ultraviolet light, which is related to energy
Wavelength energy: The amount of energy is inversely related to the wave length of the light: the shorter the wave length, the greater the energy of each photon of the light. The relation between energy to wavelength is
E = hc/ λ or λ = hc/E
here E denotes Energy, h denotes plancks constant
h denotes Planck constant (6.62606896×10−34 Js)
c denotes speed of light
λ denotes wave length
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The relation between wavelength and energy was invented by Max Planck who identified a co-efficient of proportionality that related a photon's energy to its frequency. This co-efficient is known as the Planck constant and allows photon energy found by using the following relation.
The speed of a wave can be written as speed = wave length/period. Here the period of the wave is the time the particles to make one complete vibration cycle. We know that speed = distance/time. Using this we can write the speed of wave as
Speed = wave length/period
Period = 1/ λ. So v = f λ
The above equation is known as the frequency wave length formula It states the mathematical relationship between the speed (v) of a wave and its wave length (λ) and frequency (f). Using the symbols v, , and f, the equation can be rewritten as
V = f λ
Frequency = speed of light / wave length ie f = v/ λ
It also sometimes break bonds between atoms and molecules thereby altering the chemistry of materials that are exposed to it. It also gives rise to fluorescence in some materials.
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Visible light produces he colors red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and violet (V) colors. Ultraviolet is beyond this visible spectrum. Ultraviolet wavelength has shorter wave length than visible light , but more energy than violet light. The wave length of Ultraviolet ranges between 10nm(nanometer) to 400 nm. Ultraviolet spectrum is divided into near ultraviolet, the far ultraviolet and the extreme ultraviolet.
Scientists have tried differentiating the ultra-violet part of the spectrum into 03 specific regions: the near UV, the far UV, and the extreme UV.
These 03 regions are then further distinguished by the level of energy of the ultraviolet radiation, and by the "wave length" of the ultraviolet light, which is related to energy
Wavelength energy: The amount of energy is inversely related to the wave length of the light: the shorter the wave length, the greater the energy of each photon of the light. The relation between energy to wavelength is
E = hc/ λ or λ = hc/E
here E denotes Energy, h denotes plancks constant
h denotes Planck constant (6.62606896×10−34 Js)
c denotes speed of light
λ denotes wave length
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The relation between wavelength and energy was invented by Max Planck who identified a co-efficient of proportionality that related a photon's energy to its frequency. This co-efficient is known as the Planck constant and allows photon energy found by using the following relation.
The speed of a wave can be written as speed = wave length/period. Here the period of the wave is the time the particles to make one complete vibration cycle. We know that speed = distance/time. Using this we can write the speed of wave as
Speed = wave length/period
Period = 1/ λ. So v = f λ
The above equation is known as the frequency wave length formula It states the mathematical relationship between the speed (v) of a wave and its wave length (λ) and frequency (f). Using the symbols v, , and f, the equation can be rewritten as
V = f λ
Frequency = speed of light / wave length ie f = v/ λ
Thursday, April 18, 2013
Who Invented the Television
Introduction to television invention:
Television is one of the prime requisites of the modern day world which will forever remain indebted to the man who invented the television. It enables the transmission of live as well as previous information , soaps, films, news, games etc from any part of the planet. However, in the days before television, the aspect of News, sensational events etc had to wait for the morning newspaper editions. The invention of the television is not only important in the spheres of human inventions but also marked a new era in journalism.-- TV journalism. Commercially television became available for the homes by 1930. The word "television" has its roots in the Greek and Latin word meaning "far sight". The answer to the question of who invented the television, speaks of efforts of several researchers who contributed to a certain extent toward the invention .
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JL Baird invented the television
There has been some debate over who invented the television, yet in most history and general knowledge books John Logie Baird is credited with the invention of television. He was a Scottish engineer and inventor, who invented the television in the year 1925 after a research of many years. However his first public demonstration of the workings of the television took place in the year 1926.
This achievement provided him with enough money to hire a team of engineers. At that time the head of the BBC, Sir John Reith, did not believe in the usefulness of television and called it "waste of time,".
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Televisors in the invented television
However, with the government’s support on its side, Baird's company managed to procure a license for regular broadcasting, which led to the selling of assembled receivers, known as "televisors."
John Logie Baird, famously known as the man who invented television, was born in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire on 13 August 1888 and received his education at Larchfield Academy Helensburgh. However he could not graduate because of the interruptions created by the turbulent World War l. Baird died on 14th june 1946 in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex.
Television is one of the prime requisites of the modern day world which will forever remain indebted to the man who invented the television. It enables the transmission of live as well as previous information , soaps, films, news, games etc from any part of the planet. However, in the days before television, the aspect of News, sensational events etc had to wait for the morning newspaper editions. The invention of the television is not only important in the spheres of human inventions but also marked a new era in journalism.-- TV journalism. Commercially television became available for the homes by 1930. The word "television" has its roots in the Greek and Latin word meaning "far sight". The answer to the question of who invented the television, speaks of efforts of several researchers who contributed to a certain extent toward the invention .
I like to share this Average Atomic Mass Definition with you all through my article.
JL Baird invented the television
There has been some debate over who invented the television, yet in most history and general knowledge books John Logie Baird is credited with the invention of television. He was a Scottish engineer and inventor, who invented the television in the year 1925 after a research of many years. However his first public demonstration of the workings of the television took place in the year 1926.
This achievement provided him with enough money to hire a team of engineers. At that time the head of the BBC, Sir John Reith, did not believe in the usefulness of television and called it "waste of time,".
Is this topic formula for wavelength hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Televisors in the invented television
However, with the government’s support on its side, Baird's company managed to procure a license for regular broadcasting, which led to the selling of assembled receivers, known as "televisors."
John Logie Baird, famously known as the man who invented television, was born in Helensburgh, Dunbartonshire on 13 August 1888 and received his education at Larchfield Academy Helensburgh. However he could not graduate because of the interruptions created by the turbulent World War l. Baird died on 14th june 1946 in Bexhill-on-Sea, Sussex.
Wednesday, April 17, 2013
Magnetic Induction
Magnetic Induction
Magnetic (M) induction is the process that uses magnetic field to produce temporary or permanent magnetism in any substance.
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Magnetism Definition
If an object can attract other object, it is said to be magnetic. This property is known as magnetism (MG). Here both objects should be magnetic. All the magnetic substances have some characteristic features that differentiate them from the other non-magnetic substance.
Let’s discuss some of the magnetic properties of these substances. Each magnet has two poles namely north and south poles. Area around a magnet, in which its magnetism is applied, is known as magnetic field.
Magnetic Energy Generator
M energy generators (MEG) are devices that generate magnetic energy. These are environmental friendly, cost effective and low maintenance machines that produce M energy continuously. On the contrary to other natural energy devices such as solar system and wind mills, these ME generators produce energy continuously irrespective of changes in weather.
Being renewable energy source, ME generators do not aid to global warming and other kinds of pollutions. This energy is inflammable and hence is safe and user friendly. MEGs are best alternative to non-renewable energy sources that are exhausting at a fast rate due to increasing demand for power supply.
MEG includes a large magnet as a source of energy. For the purpose, a belt is connected to the electric dynamo core. The electric dynamo is made to spin by turning force and hence the electricity is produced.
Magnetic Flux Density
Each magnet emits M lines from its north pole. These M lines together represent the magnetic flux of the magnet. Magnetic flux density is the magnitude of M flux (MF) per unit area. MF density is measured for the unit area present perpendicular to flux direction.
MF is denoted by Greek symbol “phi” (Φ). MFD is expressed by using following formula:
B= Φ/A
Here
B= Magnetic Flux Density
Φ= Magnetic flux
A=area
If the MF is measured in Webers (Wb) and area is measured in meter squares (m2), then the unit of MFD will be tesla (T)
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Magnetic Induction Unit
Magnetic induction includes production of temporary or permanent magnet using magnetic field. It relies in strength of used magnetic field. As we know that conductor allows flow of electricity through them. When an electric current is passing through a conductor, a magnetic field is also produced around it.
Now change in magnitude or frequency of current will cause altered electromagnetic field around the conductor. This electromagnetic field can produce voltage in other conductor that comes in its range.
The process is magnetic induction and the device (transformers) is known as MIU.
Magnetic (M) induction is the process that uses magnetic field to produce temporary or permanent magnetism in any substance.
I like to share this Electric Dipole Moment with you all through my article.
Magnetism Definition
If an object can attract other object, it is said to be magnetic. This property is known as magnetism (MG). Here both objects should be magnetic. All the magnetic substances have some characteristic features that differentiate them from the other non-magnetic substance.
Let’s discuss some of the magnetic properties of these substances. Each magnet has two poles namely north and south poles. Area around a magnet, in which its magnetism is applied, is known as magnetic field.
Magnetic Energy Generator
M energy generators (MEG) are devices that generate magnetic energy. These are environmental friendly, cost effective and low maintenance machines that produce M energy continuously. On the contrary to other natural energy devices such as solar system and wind mills, these ME generators produce energy continuously irrespective of changes in weather.
Being renewable energy source, ME generators do not aid to global warming and other kinds of pollutions. This energy is inflammable and hence is safe and user friendly. MEGs are best alternative to non-renewable energy sources that are exhausting at a fast rate due to increasing demand for power supply.
MEG includes a large magnet as a source of energy. For the purpose, a belt is connected to the electric dynamo core. The electric dynamo is made to spin by turning force and hence the electricity is produced.
Magnetic Flux Density
Each magnet emits M lines from its north pole. These M lines together represent the magnetic flux of the magnet. Magnetic flux density is the magnitude of M flux (MF) per unit area. MF density is measured for the unit area present perpendicular to flux direction.
MF is denoted by Greek symbol “phi” (Φ). MFD is expressed by using following formula:
B= Φ/A
Here
B= Magnetic Flux Density
Φ= Magnetic flux
A=area
If the MF is measured in Webers (Wb) and area is measured in meter squares (m2), then the unit of MFD will be tesla (T)
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Magnetic Induction Unit
Magnetic induction includes production of temporary or permanent magnet using magnetic field. It relies in strength of used magnetic field. As we know that conductor allows flow of electricity through them. When an electric current is passing through a conductor, a magnetic field is also produced around it.
Now change in magnitude or frequency of current will cause altered electromagnetic field around the conductor. This electromagnetic field can produce voltage in other conductor that comes in its range.
The process is magnetic induction and the device (transformers) is known as MIU.
Kinetic Theory
Kinetic Molecular Theory
Kinetic molecular theory was proposed by Rudolf Clausius to describe the nature of gas molecules. According to the theory, gases are composed of large number of molecules. Here Nobel gases are supposed to be composed of atoms, rather than molecules. These molecules or atoms are moving continuously in random manner. Please express your views of this topic Equation for Kinetic Energy by commenting on blog.
Since two molecules or atoms in gases are spaced apart from each other, they move in a straight line until they collide with other molecules or atoms or with wall. The theory also considers the collisions to be binary which means that only two molecules or atoms are involved in the collision. According to the theory, molecular volume of gas is negligible as compared to total gas volume in a container.
However, this assumption fails when the number of molecules in a gas increases up-to 1 mol/lit. Due to increased number of molecules, the molecular volume of gas cannot longer be considered as negligible as compared to the container volume. The theory also assumes that attractive forces between molecules or atoms are negligible.
Kinetic Theory
The kinetic theory is also known as kinetic molecular theory that explains almost all the basic law’s of matter namely Charles’ law, Boyle’s law etc.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The kinetic theory of matter explains the heat transfer of heat flow and also explains relation between pressure, temperature and volume of gases.
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
According to kinetic molecular theory, gases have large number of molecules that are moving continuously in a straight line till they collide with other molecules or with container’s wall. The theory assumes the molecular volume and attractive forces between gas molecules negligible. Hence under constant gas temperature, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules also remains constant.
This is due to the fact that the collisions are elastic that can cause energy transfer but not energy loss. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules depends on temperature of gas. Hence at a particular temperature, average kinetic energy of molecules of all gases will be same irrespective of their shape, size or weight.
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Kinetic Theory of Gases
The kinetic theory of gases explains the nature of gases. According to the theory, all gases are made up of molecules that are in continuous and random motion. Owing to large distance between two molecules of a gas, these molecules move in straight line till any collision. All the collisions are elastic and hence do not cause any energy loss.
There is no attraction or repulsion force acting between gas molecules. At lower molecular concentration, the molecular volume of gas can be considered negligible as compared to the total container’s gas volume.
Kinetic molecular theory was proposed by Rudolf Clausius to describe the nature of gas molecules. According to the theory, gases are composed of large number of molecules. Here Nobel gases are supposed to be composed of atoms, rather than molecules. These molecules or atoms are moving continuously in random manner. Please express your views of this topic Equation for Kinetic Energy by commenting on blog.
Since two molecules or atoms in gases are spaced apart from each other, they move in a straight line until they collide with other molecules or atoms or with wall. The theory also considers the collisions to be binary which means that only two molecules or atoms are involved in the collision. According to the theory, molecular volume of gas is negligible as compared to total gas volume in a container.
However, this assumption fails when the number of molecules in a gas increases up-to 1 mol/lit. Due to increased number of molecules, the molecular volume of gas cannot longer be considered as negligible as compared to the container volume. The theory also assumes that attractive forces between molecules or atoms are negligible.
Kinetic Theory
The kinetic theory is also known as kinetic molecular theory that explains almost all the basic law’s of matter namely Charles’ law, Boyle’s law etc.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
The kinetic theory of matter explains the heat transfer of heat flow and also explains relation between pressure, temperature and volume of gases.
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
According to kinetic molecular theory, gases have large number of molecules that are moving continuously in a straight line till they collide with other molecules or with container’s wall. The theory assumes the molecular volume and attractive forces between gas molecules negligible. Hence under constant gas temperature, the average kinetic energy of gas molecules also remains constant.
This is due to the fact that the collisions are elastic that can cause energy transfer but not energy loss. The average kinetic energy of gas molecules depends on temperature of gas. Hence at a particular temperature, average kinetic energy of molecules of all gases will be same irrespective of their shape, size or weight.
Is this topic Formula of Average Speed hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
The kinetic theory of gases explains the nature of gases. According to the theory, all gases are made up of molecules that are in continuous and random motion. Owing to large distance between two molecules of a gas, these molecules move in straight line till any collision. All the collisions are elastic and hence do not cause any energy loss.
There is no attraction or repulsion force acting between gas molecules. At lower molecular concentration, the molecular volume of gas can be considered negligible as compared to the total container’s gas volume.
Electrical Theory
Equation for Capacitance
Capacitor can be defined as device including two electrically conductive metal plates that are arranged parallel to each other. These two plates are separated by a insulating medium. Due to this arrangement, an electrical charge is established. Here the charge is flowing from the positively charged plate to the negatively charged plate. It measures the ability of capacitor to store charge. It can be expressed as following equation:
C=Q/V
Where
C=capacitance
Q=charge on each plate
V=Voltage supplied to plates
Here since Q is measured in coulomb and V is measured in volt, the unit of capacitance is Farad.
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Measuring Capacitance
This (CP) could be measured by various methods. First one is to use CP-measuring meters namely DMM (digital multi meter) and LCR meter. Other method to measure CP relies on resistance and time. It includes measurement of time (T) taken to charge a battery of particular voltage. The resistance (R) of capacitor is measured in Ohm. Using the above mentioned values, CP can be calculated by following formula:
C=T/R
CP can also be measured by charging the capacitor with a constant current (I). Here
C=I*T
Capacitance Measurement
CP can be easily measured by using the CP-measuring meters that cover wide range. Other methods to measure CP depend on measurement of time taken to charge a battery of known voltage or on supplying a constant current to the capacitor.
Units for Capacitance
Since CP is measured by dividing charge on each plate of capacitor to the voltage supplied, its unit is farad. Here the formula is C=Q/V.
In case of following formula:
C=T/R;
If the resistance is measured in Ohm, the unit of CP will be farad. But if the resistance is measured in mega-ohm, unit of CP will be microfarads.
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Electronic Theory
Electricity is produced due to movement of electrons through conductor materials. It involves movement of electrons towards proton driven by electromotive force. This force is responsible for pushing the electrons towards the protons. Now the atom that has lost the electron becomes positively charged and it attracts electron from other atoms. Hence there is a chain reaction of gain and loss of electrons between atoms. In a conductor, electrons move towards positively charged plate and this movement is driven by potential difference between the two plates. According to the electronic theory movement of electron occurs from negative end to the positive end of electronic circuit.
Capacitor can be defined as device including two electrically conductive metal plates that are arranged parallel to each other. These two plates are separated by a insulating medium. Due to this arrangement, an electrical charge is established. Here the charge is flowing from the positively charged plate to the negatively charged plate. It measures the ability of capacitor to store charge. It can be expressed as following equation:
C=Q/V
Where
C=capacitance
Q=charge on each plate
V=Voltage supplied to plates
Here since Q is measured in coulomb and V is measured in volt, the unit of capacitance is Farad.
I like to share this Capacitance Equation with you all through my article.
Measuring Capacitance
This (CP) could be measured by various methods. First one is to use CP-measuring meters namely DMM (digital multi meter) and LCR meter. Other method to measure CP relies on resistance and time. It includes measurement of time (T) taken to charge a battery of particular voltage. The resistance (R) of capacitor is measured in Ohm. Using the above mentioned values, CP can be calculated by following formula:
C=T/R
CP can also be measured by charging the capacitor with a constant current (I). Here
C=I*T
Capacitance Measurement
CP can be easily measured by using the CP-measuring meters that cover wide range. Other methods to measure CP depend on measurement of time taken to charge a battery of known voltage or on supplying a constant current to the capacitor.
Units for Capacitance
Since CP is measured by dividing charge on each plate of capacitor to the voltage supplied, its unit is farad. Here the formula is C=Q/V.
In case of following formula:
C=T/R;
If the resistance is measured in Ohm, the unit of CP will be farad. But if the resistance is measured in mega-ohm, unit of CP will be microfarads.
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Electronic Theory
Electricity is produced due to movement of electrons through conductor materials. It involves movement of electrons towards proton driven by electromotive force. This force is responsible for pushing the electrons towards the protons. Now the atom that has lost the electron becomes positively charged and it attracts electron from other atoms. Hence there is a chain reaction of gain and loss of electrons between atoms. In a conductor, electrons move towards positively charged plate and this movement is driven by potential difference between the two plates. According to the electronic theory movement of electron occurs from negative end to the positive end of electronic circuit.
Thursday, April 11, 2013
High Power Efficiency
Introduction to High power efficiency:
High power efficiency means to overcome the loss or waste of the electrical power during our day to day life because of the inefficient power supply.
The power supply is responsible for that amount of waste because the power supplies generate heat which saps away the energy and make the loss of the electrical power.
Efficiency can be defined as the measure of how much of the power source is usefully applied to the to give the effective or high output.
I like to share this Electrostatic Constant with you all through my Blogs.
How to increase power efficiency:
The amplifier is a device that changes or increases, the amplitude of a power signal. The relationship of the input to the output of an amplifier is expressed as a function of the input frequency.
the input signal of the amplifier is usually a voltage or a current. The classification of the amplifiers is done on the basis of the input or the source or the frequency range of the signals (Audio, IF, RF, and VHF amplifiers), or the type of device used in the amplification .
The amplifier is divided into various classes. They are-
The Class A amplifiers are inefficient, that is the range of 10–20% with a maximum efficiency of just 25% for direct coupling of the output. The efficiency can be increased by Inductive coupling of the output and thus can raise their efficiency to a maximum of 50%.
The Class B amplifiers are having very high efficiency but are not having the same efficiency for audio work because of high levels of distortion
The Class AB amplifiers are commonly having the efficiency between 35–55% but theoretically the power efficiency can be achieved up to nearly 80%.
The Class D amplifiers can have the power efficiencies as high as 90%.
The Class C-F amplifiers are known to have very high power efficiency among all amplifiers.
Having problem with Formula for Projectile Motion keep reading my Blogs, i will try to help you.
High power efficiency devices:
The LED's which are called as light emitting diodes are used as indicator used for lighting and are having high power efficiency.The LED is very small in area less than 1 square mm. LED's present many advantages over incandescent light sources as it is having the lower power consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. The LED's are powerful enough for room lighting and can be used in the place of traditional lights as it is more power efficient.
High power efficiency means to overcome the loss or waste of the electrical power during our day to day life because of the inefficient power supply.
The power supply is responsible for that amount of waste because the power supplies generate heat which saps away the energy and make the loss of the electrical power.
Efficiency can be defined as the measure of how much of the power source is usefully applied to the to give the effective or high output.
I like to share this Electrostatic Constant with you all through my Blogs.
How to increase power efficiency:
The amplifier is a device that changes or increases, the amplitude of a power signal. The relationship of the input to the output of an amplifier is expressed as a function of the input frequency.
the input signal of the amplifier is usually a voltage or a current. The classification of the amplifiers is done on the basis of the input or the source or the frequency range of the signals (Audio, IF, RF, and VHF amplifiers), or the type of device used in the amplification .
The amplifier is divided into various classes. They are-
The Class A amplifiers are inefficient, that is the range of 10–20% with a maximum efficiency of just 25% for direct coupling of the output. The efficiency can be increased by Inductive coupling of the output and thus can raise their efficiency to a maximum of 50%.
The Class B amplifiers are having very high efficiency but are not having the same efficiency for audio work because of high levels of distortion
The Class AB amplifiers are commonly having the efficiency between 35–55% but theoretically the power efficiency can be achieved up to nearly 80%.
The Class D amplifiers can have the power efficiencies as high as 90%.
The Class C-F amplifiers are known to have very high power efficiency among all amplifiers.
Having problem with Formula for Projectile Motion keep reading my Blogs, i will try to help you.
High power efficiency devices:
The LED's which are called as light emitting diodes are used as indicator used for lighting and are having high power efficiency.The LED is very small in area less than 1 square mm. LED's present many advantages over incandescent light sources as it is having the lower power consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. The LED's are powerful enough for room lighting and can be used in the place of traditional lights as it is more power efficient.
Global Paper Products
Introduction to global paper products:
The global paper products in industry is an essential source for the highest data collection and analysis covering all the paper products.the data includes the paper texture graphic analysis,segmentation,market size,land scape and leading companies.
Please express your views of this topic What is Beta Decay by commenting on blog.
Scope for global paper products:
The information regarding market size measured by value and volume. The macroeconomic and demographic data these are supported by the key roles effecting the market.It includes the five year forecast of global paper products.The paper products market has three segments.These are used for printing newspapers, more news sprint printing and the remaining paper for books and magazines,cards,posters,printers,type writers and home.
The other resources such as household(paper towels, toilet issue0 paper board, wrapping and packaging paper also used for construction (paper forceiling, underlay etc).Market shares are related to manufacturer revenues generated solely from the paper products sale and these exclude revenues from pulp, wood or other sale.
Leading companies are profiled with supporting key financial metrics.
Global paper products (the global figure) comprises of market share, leading companies, market forecasts, market value, market volume and market overview, the land scape and the list of tables.
Having problem with Free Fall Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Global Paper Products
This is an international paper mill. The global paper and pulp industry is dominated by North America,North Europe,Australia and east Asian countries.
The global outlook of the paper industry provides a collection of market briefs,statistical anecdotes.The global report also includes a listing of addresses and the company contact details worldwide.
International paper board industry Is the monthly leading world’s publication for the Global paper marketing industry.
It is also the world wide publication in its field outside North America and Europe countries.
The paper & paper board industry profile: It presents a complete analysis on the pulp and paper development.It also includes a list of all the top 200 enterp[rises in the global sector.
This is the first report to adopt that is ISIC ( International standard industrial classification of all economic activities).
Card boards are prepared from paper.The paper board industry consisted of more than 300 companies across the Europe,according to the Europe census bureau.
The global paper products in industry is an essential source for the highest data collection and analysis covering all the paper products.the data includes the paper texture graphic analysis,segmentation,market size,land scape and leading companies.
Please express your views of this topic What is Beta Decay by commenting on blog.
Scope for global paper products:
The information regarding market size measured by value and volume. The macroeconomic and demographic data these are supported by the key roles effecting the market.It includes the five year forecast of global paper products.The paper products market has three segments.These are used for printing newspapers, more news sprint printing and the remaining paper for books and magazines,cards,posters,printers,type writers and home.
The other resources such as household(paper towels, toilet issue0 paper board, wrapping and packaging paper also used for construction (paper forceiling, underlay etc).Market shares are related to manufacturer revenues generated solely from the paper products sale and these exclude revenues from pulp, wood or other sale.
Leading companies are profiled with supporting key financial metrics.
Global paper products (the global figure) comprises of market share, leading companies, market forecasts, market value, market volume and market overview, the land scape and the list of tables.
Having problem with Free Fall Formulas keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Global Paper Products
This is an international paper mill. The global paper and pulp industry is dominated by North America,North Europe,Australia and east Asian countries.
The global outlook of the paper industry provides a collection of market briefs,statistical anecdotes.The global report also includes a listing of addresses and the company contact details worldwide.
International paper board industry Is the monthly leading world’s publication for the Global paper marketing industry.
It is also the world wide publication in its field outside North America and Europe countries.
The paper & paper board industry profile: It presents a complete analysis on the pulp and paper development.It also includes a list of all the top 200 enterp[rises in the global sector.
This is the first report to adopt that is ISIC ( International standard industrial classification of all economic activities).
Card boards are prepared from paper.The paper board industry consisted of more than 300 companies across the Europe,according to the Europe census bureau.
General Science Facts
Introduction to general science facts :
There are so many amazing facts about general science which we don’t know. Let us try to know some of these facts which is very amazing or interesting.
(1) We can see a rainbow as a complete circle from an aeroplane.
(2) A litre of vinegar is heavier in winter than in summer.
(3) Swimming in a sea is easier than in a river because due to dissolved salts the density of sea water is more compared to that of a river.
(4) Nitrous oxide is called laughing gas because it can make us laugh.
(5) When exposed to air for a pretty long time, copper turns green.
(6) When Ice is kept in liquid ammonia it does not melt.
(7) A barrel of juice or wine would take about a year or two to ferment naturally into vinegar.
(8) When Solid carbon dioxide melts, it does not change into liquid but vaporizes directly so it is called dry ice.
(9) Quick silver is another name of mercury. It is so heavy that piece of iron floats on its surface.
(10) If hot water poured into a glass than a glass is more apt to break if it is thick. That’s why test tubes are made of thin glass.
Please express your views of this topic Atomic Mass of Chlorine by commenting on blog.
General science Facts
(1) Our head absorbs as much as 80% of microwaves from mobile phones.
(2) The average American depends on over 264 computers per day from the smallest microprocessor to the biggest mainframe.
(3) Radio waves travel faster than sound waves that a broadcast voice can be heard sooner 18,000 km away than in the back of the room in which it originated.
(4) The Nobel Prize winner, Marie Curie who discovered, died of radiation poisoning.
(5) The volume of the Pacific Ocean is the same as the volume of the moon.
(6) The fur of Polar bear is clear, not white.
(7) A shark finds fishes by hearing their hearts beat.
(8) If sugar has been added in water, an egg can be floated on the water.
(9) Every year 7000, new insects are discovered.
(10) Our skeleton keeps growing till 35 years, than we start to shrink.
Is this topic Physics Free Fall Problems hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
More General Science Facts
(1) The lenses of the eye continuous to grow throughout the life.
(2) A mole can dig 300 feet long tunnel in just one night.
(3) The Atlantic Ocean is saltier than the Pacific Ocean.
(4) Rats and giraffes can last longer without water than camels.
(5) Every person has unique eyes and tongue print along with their finger prints.
There are so many amazing facts about general science which we don’t know. Let us try to know some of these facts which is very amazing or interesting.
(1) We can see a rainbow as a complete circle from an aeroplane.
(2) A litre of vinegar is heavier in winter than in summer.
(3) Swimming in a sea is easier than in a river because due to dissolved salts the density of sea water is more compared to that of a river.
(4) Nitrous oxide is called laughing gas because it can make us laugh.
(5) When exposed to air for a pretty long time, copper turns green.
(6) When Ice is kept in liquid ammonia it does not melt.
(7) A barrel of juice or wine would take about a year or two to ferment naturally into vinegar.
(8) When Solid carbon dioxide melts, it does not change into liquid but vaporizes directly so it is called dry ice.
(9) Quick silver is another name of mercury. It is so heavy that piece of iron floats on its surface.
(10) If hot water poured into a glass than a glass is more apt to break if it is thick. That’s why test tubes are made of thin glass.
Please express your views of this topic Atomic Mass of Chlorine by commenting on blog.
General science Facts
(1) Our head absorbs as much as 80% of microwaves from mobile phones.
(2) The average American depends on over 264 computers per day from the smallest microprocessor to the biggest mainframe.
(3) Radio waves travel faster than sound waves that a broadcast voice can be heard sooner 18,000 km away than in the back of the room in which it originated.
(4) The Nobel Prize winner, Marie Curie who discovered, died of radiation poisoning.
(5) The volume of the Pacific Ocean is the same as the volume of the moon.
(6) The fur of Polar bear is clear, not white.
(7) A shark finds fishes by hearing their hearts beat.
(8) If sugar has been added in water, an egg can be floated on the water.
(9) Every year 7000, new insects are discovered.
(10) Our skeleton keeps growing till 35 years, than we start to shrink.
Is this topic Physics Free Fall Problems hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
More General Science Facts
(1) The lenses of the eye continuous to grow throughout the life.
(2) A mole can dig 300 feet long tunnel in just one night.
(3) The Atlantic Ocean is saltier than the Pacific Ocean.
(4) Rats and giraffes can last longer without water than camels.
(5) Every person has unique eyes and tongue print along with their finger prints.
General Electric Fuse
Introduction to General electric fuse:
Electric fuse is a safety device installed between the electric source and electric circuit to save the components of the circuit from getting damaged. Overload conditions are being prevented by the use of electric fuses. The basic principle behind the working is that the fuse terminals are added in series with the electric circuit and electric voltage source, internally the fuse terminals are connected with a fusible metal or semiconductor alloy. When over currents happens the metal melts and the contact between the terminals of the fuse is damaged. The circuit now acts as a open circuit and devices are saved from being damaged.
Please express your views of this topic Unbalanced Forces Definition by commenting on blog.
The duration of over current and its magnitude that a fuse can withstands depends on the construction and requirement of the fuse. A fuse generally is made up of two components one is for sensing and the other for interrupting i.e. sensing the heat produced due to the current and interrupting for taking the action i.e. melting of the fuse metal.
Ratings marked on electric fuse
Manufacturers mark the fuse with following ratings which specify the limit to which the fuse will not break, these are: current ratings, maximum voltage difference, i^2t rating (power it can withstand) and other ratings depending upon the manufacturer.
Having problem with Free Fall Physics Problems keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Some Common types of fuses
Thermal fuse- the fuse we have studied above is a thermal fuse. They are used in home appliances like coffee machine.
Automotive fuse-fuse used in automobiles are called automotive fuse.
High voltage fuses- used for high rating devices like transformers with ratings upto thousands of volts.
Resettable fuse- fuses which could be used again and again i.e. the circuit is again shorted after the temperature falls down and there is no need to insert a new fuse. These are used in aircrafts etc where replacement is not easy.
So fuses are important part of electrical and electronic circuits and are used in vast fields i.e. from home appliances to automobiles and aircrafts as they save the gazettes from being damaged.
Electric fuse is a safety device installed between the electric source and electric circuit to save the components of the circuit from getting damaged. Overload conditions are being prevented by the use of electric fuses. The basic principle behind the working is that the fuse terminals are added in series with the electric circuit and electric voltage source, internally the fuse terminals are connected with a fusible metal or semiconductor alloy. When over currents happens the metal melts and the contact between the terminals of the fuse is damaged. The circuit now acts as a open circuit and devices are saved from being damaged.
Please express your views of this topic Unbalanced Forces Definition by commenting on blog.
The duration of over current and its magnitude that a fuse can withstands depends on the construction and requirement of the fuse. A fuse generally is made up of two components one is for sensing and the other for interrupting i.e. sensing the heat produced due to the current and interrupting for taking the action i.e. melting of the fuse metal.
Ratings marked on electric fuse
Manufacturers mark the fuse with following ratings which specify the limit to which the fuse will not break, these are: current ratings, maximum voltage difference, i^2t rating (power it can withstand) and other ratings depending upon the manufacturer.
Having problem with Free Fall Physics Problems keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Some Common types of fuses
Thermal fuse- the fuse we have studied above is a thermal fuse. They are used in home appliances like coffee machine.
Automotive fuse-fuse used in automobiles are called automotive fuse.
High voltage fuses- used for high rating devices like transformers with ratings upto thousands of volts.
Resettable fuse- fuses which could be used again and again i.e. the circuit is again shorted after the temperature falls down and there is no need to insert a new fuse. These are used in aircrafts etc where replacement is not easy.
So fuses are important part of electrical and electronic circuits and are used in vast fields i.e. from home appliances to automobiles and aircrafts as they save the gazettes from being damaged.
Thursday, April 4, 2013
Turn Water to Hydrogen
Introduction to turn Water to Hydrogen
There is a close relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. The relationship is reflected in the fact that an electric current involves flow of electrons. The electrons which produce an electric current are no different from the electrons which exist in atoms and take part in the regrouping of the atoms of the reactants in chemical reactions. So it is not surprising that some chemical reactions can produce electricity and conversely, electricity can produce certain chemical changes. The decomposition of a substance by passing a direct current of electricity through it is called electrolysis.
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Turn Water to Hydrogen : Water as an Electrolyte
Water can only conduct electricity when it is electrovalent in nature. Pure water such as distilled water, or molten lead bromide are covalent in nature. Such electrolytes are called as non electrolytes. Pure water when added with sodium chloride or sugar conducts electricity. These types of compounds which conduct electric current and are decomposed by it are called electrolytes.
In pure water only one molecule in ten million is split into H+ and OH- ions. Here H+ is called the cat ion and OH- anion. The electrical conductivity of water arising from these ions is very small, but measurable. Acidified water i.e. by adding a small quantity of sulphuric acid can be effectively ionized into H+ and OH-. The electrolysis can be carried in the presence of platinum electrode.
Having problem with Equation of Gravity keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Turning Water to Hydrogen : Results
The results of the electrolysis are given as:
Two volumes of hydrogen produced at the cathode
One volume of oxygen at the anode
A decrease in the concentration of sulphuric acid at the cathode
An increase in the concentration of sulphuric acid at the anode
The total weight of sulphuric acid remains constant. So the net result is that only water is decomposed. The electrolysis of acidified water may therefore represented as:
2H2O + electrical energy = 2H2 + O2
There is a close relationship between electricity and chemical reactions. The relationship is reflected in the fact that an electric current involves flow of electrons. The electrons which produce an electric current are no different from the electrons which exist in atoms and take part in the regrouping of the atoms of the reactants in chemical reactions. So it is not surprising that some chemical reactions can produce electricity and conversely, electricity can produce certain chemical changes. The decomposition of a substance by passing a direct current of electricity through it is called electrolysis.
Please express your views of this topic electrolytic capacitors by commenting on blog.
Turn Water to Hydrogen : Water as an Electrolyte
Water can only conduct electricity when it is electrovalent in nature. Pure water such as distilled water, or molten lead bromide are covalent in nature. Such electrolytes are called as non electrolytes. Pure water when added with sodium chloride or sugar conducts electricity. These types of compounds which conduct electric current and are decomposed by it are called electrolytes.
In pure water only one molecule in ten million is split into H+ and OH- ions. Here H+ is called the cat ion and OH- anion. The electrical conductivity of water arising from these ions is very small, but measurable. Acidified water i.e. by adding a small quantity of sulphuric acid can be effectively ionized into H+ and OH-. The electrolysis can be carried in the presence of platinum electrode.
Having problem with Equation of Gravity keep reading my upcoming posts, i will try to help you.
Turning Water to Hydrogen : Results
The results of the electrolysis are given as:
Two volumes of hydrogen produced at the cathode
One volume of oxygen at the anode
A decrease in the concentration of sulphuric acid at the cathode
An increase in the concentration of sulphuric acid at the anode
The total weight of sulphuric acid remains constant. So the net result is that only water is decomposed. The electrolysis of acidified water may therefore represented as:
2H2O + electrical energy = 2H2 + O2
Where Are Cosmic Rays
INTRODUCTION TO COSMIC RAYS
Cosmic rays are the rays which originate from outer space. They are the energetic particles. The cosmic ray particles include protons like helium which is an alpha particle, and electrons which is a beta particle or gamma ray photons.
The energies of cosmic rays are 1020 electron volt.
Cosmic rays are having high energetic particles that flow into solar system. By the composition of the cosmic rays we can know that what fraction of cosmic rays are photons and what fraction of cosmic rays are helium nuclei.
Most of the cosmic ray nuclei are hydrogen which is proton and 9% are helium which is alpha particle.
In the cosmic rays all of the natural elements in the periodic table are present.
The heavy nuclei experiment which was launched in 1979 collected 100 cosmic rays.
These cosmic rays harm the cell phones. And cosmic rays may also effect the transmission of signals from one place to another especially if those signals are relayed to an orbiting telecommunication satellite.
Please express your views of this topic Optical Density Formula by commenting on blog.
WHERE ARE COSMIC RAYS COMING FROM
The cosmic rays are accelerated in the blast waves of supernova remnants.
Cosmic rays are emerging from mars effect the mobile batteries. They are high speed particles that fly through milky-way and plow earth’s atmosphere. The cosmic rays are the disks around the black holes and also the strong magnetic fields which course through the galaxy.
Due to larger flux of high energy cosmic rays the radiation environment of deep space is very different from that on the earth’s surface. Is this topic Friction Problems hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
The continuous radiation dose is created by the cosmic rays through out the solar system which increase during solar minimum and decreases during solar maximum.
Cosmic rays came from the outer space and solar flaxes are regarded as a potential limiting factor for space travelers.
The heavy nuclei in the cosmic radiation cause serious brain damage i.e memory loss.
Cosmic rays are the rays which originate from outer space. They are the energetic particles. The cosmic ray particles include protons like helium which is an alpha particle, and electrons which is a beta particle or gamma ray photons.
The energies of cosmic rays are 1020 electron volt.
Cosmic rays are having high energetic particles that flow into solar system. By the composition of the cosmic rays we can know that what fraction of cosmic rays are photons and what fraction of cosmic rays are helium nuclei.
Most of the cosmic ray nuclei are hydrogen which is proton and 9% are helium which is alpha particle.
In the cosmic rays all of the natural elements in the periodic table are present.
The heavy nuclei experiment which was launched in 1979 collected 100 cosmic rays.
These cosmic rays harm the cell phones. And cosmic rays may also effect the transmission of signals from one place to another especially if those signals are relayed to an orbiting telecommunication satellite.
Please express your views of this topic Optical Density Formula by commenting on blog.
WHERE ARE COSMIC RAYS COMING FROM
The cosmic rays are accelerated in the blast waves of supernova remnants.
Cosmic rays are emerging from mars effect the mobile batteries. They are high speed particles that fly through milky-way and plow earth’s atmosphere. The cosmic rays are the disks around the black holes and also the strong magnetic fields which course through the galaxy.
Due to larger flux of high energy cosmic rays the radiation environment of deep space is very different from that on the earth’s surface. Is this topic Friction Problems hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
The continuous radiation dose is created by the cosmic rays through out the solar system which increase during solar minimum and decreases during solar maximum.
Cosmic rays came from the outer space and solar flaxes are regarded as a potential limiting factor for space travelers.
The heavy nuclei in the cosmic radiation cause serious brain damage i.e memory loss.
What is the Weather Condition
Introduction to weather condition
The atmospheric status that tells that atmosphere in words of temperature and about wind pressure and clouds.
I like to share this the mass of a neutron is with you all through my article.
Advantages of whether
This news can be used for more information things besides, people should ask to weather report.. Satellite can is catalyst for public. Help snaps finds where to set up to get some of those storm or lightning images you have familiar.. By glancing in to the the location of weather cells within storms force., photos are helps to determine if they will have a chance to get tornado, cloud or lightning images. They can also telecast whether report.
Satellite information like pictures, slides have made pretty easier to telecast weather report. it calculate cent to cent without error and it is fruitful. Forecasters are efficient to give the public a much better picture of predictions in the duration/ day / hour because of information given by satellite images.
Weather forecasting is the uses of science ,gives horoscope about atmosphere for a future and a given place. Human and animals will predict the weather report since many years ,it may from 19th century. Weather report are done by gathering data about the present state of the atmosphere.
Modern wher system
Modern weather set with computerized tolls models, observers, and idea of whether and patterns used. Using these methods, reasonably exact telecast can be done up to about 3-4 days in before. Apart that, detailed information is less useful, since atmospheric conditions such as temperature and wind pressure force are very difficult.
Most of the computer technology used for whether .One of the major telecasting service that is National Weather Service provider, which creates forecast slides based on identity. This identity is used by many different weather and news services in preparing daily telecasting news.
Is this topic Equation for Friction hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
History of whether
Forecasting has a long story. It was based on observation of weather patterns. After some years, the observation of weather patterns has resulted in folk wisdom about the weather report, It was inaccurate, but some of which they are based on science.
The expression Red skies at morning, sailor take with warning; red skies at night, sailor's delight. The color red Sun may symptom of rain, since it occurs when the air is contaminated of dust and water vapor.
The atmospheric status that tells that atmosphere in words of temperature and about wind pressure and clouds.
I like to share this the mass of a neutron is with you all through my article.
Advantages of whether
This news can be used for more information things besides, people should ask to weather report.. Satellite can is catalyst for public. Help snaps finds where to set up to get some of those storm or lightning images you have familiar.. By glancing in to the the location of weather cells within storms force., photos are helps to determine if they will have a chance to get tornado, cloud or lightning images. They can also telecast whether report.
Satellite information like pictures, slides have made pretty easier to telecast weather report. it calculate cent to cent without error and it is fruitful. Forecasters are efficient to give the public a much better picture of predictions in the duration/ day / hour because of information given by satellite images.
Weather forecasting is the uses of science ,gives horoscope about atmosphere for a future and a given place. Human and animals will predict the weather report since many years ,it may from 19th century. Weather report are done by gathering data about the present state of the atmosphere.
Modern wher system
Modern weather set with computerized tolls models, observers, and idea of whether and patterns used. Using these methods, reasonably exact telecast can be done up to about 3-4 days in before. Apart that, detailed information is less useful, since atmospheric conditions such as temperature and wind pressure force are very difficult.
Most of the computer technology used for whether .One of the major telecasting service that is National Weather Service provider, which creates forecast slides based on identity. This identity is used by many different weather and news services in preparing daily telecasting news.
Is this topic Equation for Friction hard for you? Watch out for my coming posts.
History of whether
Forecasting has a long story. It was based on observation of weather patterns. After some years, the observation of weather patterns has resulted in folk wisdom about the weather report, It was inaccurate, but some of which they are based on science.
The expression Red skies at morning, sailor take with warning; red skies at night, sailor's delight. The color red Sun may symptom of rain, since it occurs when the air is contaminated of dust and water vapor.
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